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Assessment of the extent of soil degradation over different land uses in the Kebbi area, northwestern Nigeria
Evaluación de la extensión de la degradación en suelos de diferentes usos en el área de Kebbi, al noroeste de Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v27n4.102140Palabras clave:
Estimates, gully characteristics, soil degradation, land uses (en)estimaciones, características de hondonadas, degradación del suelo, usos del suelo (es)
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This paper assessed soil degradation over land use in the Kebbi area, Northwestern Nigeria. The specific objectives entailed identifying major forms of soil loss in the study area, estimating soil loss, and examining the responses of soil physico-chemical properties over dominant land use types. Slope angles were determined using a GPS, a handheld Abney level, ranging poles, and a 30 m measuring tape while gully depths, widths, and lengths were taken at 5 m-30 m intervals. Key soil physico-chemical parameters were determined using standard procedures. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation were used to summarize the data generated from the study. The analysis of variance and the student’s t-test were used to test for significant association between and within pairs of land uses. The results show that slopes range from 4⁰ - 16⁰, while the magnitude of soil loss ranged between 3580.32 m3 in K1 (Kalgo 1), 3550.89 m3 in G2 (Goru 2) and 161.01 m3 in A1 (Angwar Daji 1). Results show significance at p≤ 0.05 in bulk density values over the different land uses, with the highest bulk density value of 1.78 g/cm3 in badland and the lowest value of 1.35 g/cm3 in plantation land use. Total nitrogen ranges between 0.01 – 0.38%, with the lowest values in badland and scrubland, while soil base saturation is highest over plantation (76.3%) and lowest in badland (50.4%). The study concludes that the dominant geomorphic responses identified in the study area are gully initiation and development and varying amounts of soil degradation over the different land uses. The findings should facilitate policy initiation to rehabilitate degraded lands and adopt sustainable soil management practices like tree planting while linking geomorphological information to infrastructural planning and development.
Este trabajo evalúa la degradación del suelo debido a su uso en el área de Kebbi, al noroeste de Nigeria. Los objetivos específicos implican la identificación de las razones principales de la pérdida de suelo en el área de estudio, la estimación de esta pérdida, y la evaluación de las respuestas de las propiedades físicoquímicas del suelo en los tipos de uso del suelo dominantes. Los ángulos de la pendiente se determinaron con un GPS, un nivelador Abney de mano, balizas, y una cinta métrica de 30 metros mientras que la profundidad de las cárcavas, el ancho y el largo se tomaron en intervalos de entre 5 y 30 metros. Los parámetros fisicoquímicos clave del suelo se determinaron con procedimientos estandarizados. Estadísticas descriptivas como la media, desviación estándar y variación de coeficiente se utilizaron para sintetizar la información generada durante el estudio. El análisis de la diferencia y la prueba t de estudiante se utilizaron para evaluar las asociaciones significantes entre y dentro de pares de usos del suelo. Los resultados muestran que la inclinación varía entre 4⁰ y 16⁰, mientras que la magnitud de perdida de suelo se estima en 3580.32 m3 en K1 (Kalgo 1), 3550.89 m3 en G2 (Goru 2) y 161.01 m3 en A1 (Angwar Daji 1). Los resultados muestran importancia en los valores de densidad aparente p≤ 0.05 sobre los diferentes usos del suelo, con el mayor valor de densidad aparente de 1.78 g/cm3 en tierras baldías y el menor valor, de 1.35 g/cm3, en suelos usados para plantaciones. El nitrógeno total varía entre 0.01 – 0.38%, con los menores valores en tierras baldías y matorrales, mientras que la saturación base del suelo es mayor en los suelos plantados (76,3 %) y el menor en tierras baldías (50,4 %). El estudio concluye que las respuestas geomórficas identificadas en el área de estudio son la iniciación y desarrollo de hondonadas y varían la cantidad de degradación del suelo sobre los diferentes usos del suelo. Los hallazgos debería facilitar la iniciación de políticas para rehabilitar suelos degradados y adoptar prácticas sostenibles de manejo de suelos como la plantación de árboles, además vincular la información geomorfológica a la planificación y desarrollo de infraestructura.
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