Publicado

2024-02-28

A contribution to the understanding of the origin of the Ginebra Gold District mineralizations, Colombia

Contribución al estudio del origen de las mineralizaciones auríferas de Ginebra, en Colombia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v27n4.102964

Palabras clave:

Fluid Inclusions, Microthermometry, Raman Spectroscopy, Late Cretaceous, Orogenic Gold (en)
Inclusiones Fluidas, Microtermometría, Espectroscopía Raman, Cretácico Tardío, Oro Orogénico (es)

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Autores/as

  • Bibiana P. Rodriguez-Ramos Universidad Nacional de Colombia
  • Juan Carlos Molano Mendoza Universidad Nacional de Colombia
  • Camilo E. Dorado Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Ginebra´s gold mineralization is hosted by the Ginebra Ophiolitic Massif and the Buga Batholith, in the western flank of the Central Cordillera of Colombia. Gold occurs as disseminations, quartz-carbonate stockwork veinlets and quartz lodes with a strong structural control and are composed by small amounts of sulfides, mostly pyrite, with galena, sphalerite and chalcopyrite in at least two different deposition events and related to strong sericite-chlorite-epidote haloes, indicative of near-neutral and reduced fluids. Petrography and Raman spectroscopy allowed to identify two main fluid inclusions assemblages primary to pseudo-secondary in origin, both of them aqueous and CO2-rich, with variable N2. Microthermometric analysis indicates the hydrothermal fluids associated with the gold were low saline (0.75-6.22 wt% NaCl equiv.) and presented a minimum trapping temperature ranging from 237.4 to 301.6°C. Petrography and microthermometric results suggest an isothermal fluid mixing and/or H2S loss as the main mechanisms related to gold bi-sulfide/thio-sulfide complexes destabilization and precipitation. Sulfur isotopes indicates a close to zero range (-8.2-+4.8‰), suggesting a restricted fluid circulation through the magmatic rocks of the Buga Batholith and the Ginebra Ophiolitic Massif. Besides, the oxygen and deuterium isotopes from hydrothermal sericite and chlorite accompanying to gold events, indicates a metamorphic origin for the hydrothermal fluids. 40Ar-39Ar dating of the hydrothermal alteration haloes, from El Retiro and La Esperanza, indicates a late Cretaceous-Paleocene age, between 67 and 65 Ma, contemporaneous with a regional strong dextral transpressive deformation related to subduction to obduction and exotic terrane accretion against the north-western part of the South American Plate. Although the hydrothermal fluid characteristics of the Ginebra Gold Disctrict are compatible with both the Intrusion-Related and Orogenic Gold deposit types, the metamorphic nature of the hydrothermal fluids and the tectonic regime at the time of mineralization event, allow us to propose they are compatible with an Orogenic Gold deposit.

Las mineralizaciones del Distrito Aurífero de Ginebra están emplazadas tanto en el Macizo Ofiolítico de Ginebra como en el Batolito de Buga, en el flanco occidental de la cordillera Central de Colombia. Corresponden a diseminaciones, stockwork de vetillas y vetas de cuarzo-carbonato, estas últimas con fuerte control estructural, bajas cantidades de sulfuros (>pirita-galena-esfalerita-calcopirita), al menos dos eventos de depósito de oro y desarrollo de halos de alteración fuerte (sericita-clorita-epidota). Análisis petrográficos y de espectroscopía Raman identificaron dos ensamblajes de inclusiones fluidas principales, primario y pseudo-secundario, ambos acuosos y ricos en CO2, con cantidades variables de N2. Los análisis microtermométricos indican fluidos hidrotermales con salinidad baja a moderada (0.75-6.22wt% NaCl equiv.) y temperatura mínima de entrampamiento entre 237.4 y 301.6°C. Asimismo, sugieren que un proceso de mezcla isotermal de fluidos y/o de pérdida de H2S fueron los mecanismos responsables de la desestabilización de los complejos bi-sulfurados/thio-sulfurados en los que se transportó el oro y produjeron su depósito. Isótopos de azufre (entre -8.2 y +4.8‰) sugieren una circulación restringida de los fluidos hidrotermales por las rocas del macizo y del batolito. Adicionalmente, isótopos de oxígeno y deuterio en sericita y clorita hidrotermal, que acompañan la mineralización, reflejan un origen metamórfico para estos fluidos. Dataciones 40Ar-39Ar en los halos de alteración de las estructuras de El Retiro y La Esperanza, indican una edad entre 65 y 67 Ma, contemporánea con una deformación regional transpresiva dextral, relacionada con subducción a obducción y acreción de terrenos exóticos contra la margen nor-occidental de la placa Sudamericana. Aunque las características de los fluidos hidrotermales de las mineralizaciones son compatibles tanto con depósitos de tipo “Intrusion-Related” y Oro Orogénico, su naturaleza metamórfica y el régimen tectónico existente al momento del evento mineralizante, permite proponer que son compatibles con un depósito de tipo Oro Orogénico más que un “Intrusion-Related”.

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Cómo citar

APA

Rodriguez-Ramos, B. P., Molano Mendoza, J. C. y Dorado, C. E. (2024). A contribution to the understanding of the origin of the Ginebra Gold District mineralizations, Colombia. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 27(4), 327–341. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v27n4.102964

ACM

[1]
Rodriguez-Ramos, B.P., Molano Mendoza, J.C. y Dorado, C.E. 2024. A contribution to the understanding of the origin of the Ginebra Gold District mineralizations, Colombia. Earth Sciences Research Journal. 27, 4 (feb. 2024), 327–341. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v27n4.102964.

ACS

(1)
Rodriguez-Ramos, B. P.; Molano Mendoza, J. C.; Dorado, C. E. A contribution to the understanding of the origin of the Ginebra Gold District mineralizations, Colombia. Earth sci. res. j. 2024, 27, 327-341.

ABNT

RODRIGUEZ-RAMOS, B. P.; MOLANO MENDOZA, J. C.; DORADO, C. E. A contribution to the understanding of the origin of the Ginebra Gold District mineralizations, Colombia. Earth Sciences Research Journal, [S. l.], v. 27, n. 4, p. 327–341, 2024. DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v27n4.102964. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/102964. Acesso em: 16 ago. 2024.

Chicago

Rodriguez-Ramos, Bibiana P., Juan Carlos Molano Mendoza, y Camilo E. Dorado. 2024. «A contribution to the understanding of the origin of the Ginebra Gold District mineralizations, Colombia». Earth Sciences Research Journal 27 (4):327-41. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v27n4.102964.

Harvard

Rodriguez-Ramos, B. P., Molano Mendoza, J. C. y Dorado, C. E. (2024) «A contribution to the understanding of the origin of the Ginebra Gold District mineralizations, Colombia», Earth Sciences Research Journal, 27(4), pp. 327–341. doi: 10.15446/esrj.v27n4.102964.

IEEE

[1]
B. P. Rodriguez-Ramos, J. C. Molano Mendoza, y C. E. Dorado, «A contribution to the understanding of the origin of the Ginebra Gold District mineralizations, Colombia», Earth sci. res. j., vol. 27, n.º 4, pp. 327–341, feb. 2024.

MLA

Rodriguez-Ramos, B. P., J. C. Molano Mendoza, y C. E. Dorado. «A contribution to the understanding of the origin of the Ginebra Gold District mineralizations, Colombia». Earth Sciences Research Journal, vol. 27, n.º 4, febrero de 2024, pp. 327-41, doi:10.15446/esrj.v27n4.102964.

Turabian

Rodriguez-Ramos, Bibiana P., Juan Carlos Molano Mendoza, y Camilo E. Dorado. «A contribution to the understanding of the origin of the Ginebra Gold District mineralizations, Colombia». Earth Sciences Research Journal 27, no. 4 (febrero 28, 2024): 327–341. Accedido agosto 16, 2024. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/102964.

Vancouver

1.
Rodriguez-Ramos BP, Molano Mendoza JC, Dorado CE. A contribution to the understanding of the origin of the Ginebra Gold District mineralizations, Colombia. Earth sci. res. j. [Internet]. 28 de febrero de 2024 [citado 16 de agosto de 2024];27(4):327-41. Disponible en: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/esrj/article/view/102964

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