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Data-Driven Modeling of Impact of Differential Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines in Two Socio-Economically Contrasting Cities: New York, USA and Bogotá, Colombia
Modelado basado en datos del impacto de la eficacia diferencial de las vacunas contra el COVID-19 en dos ciudades socioeconómicamente contrastantes: Nueva York, EE.UU. y Bogotá, Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rce.v47n2.112805Keywords:
COVID-19, SEIVR model, coronaviruses, vaccination, Equilibrium, Basic reproductive number, Parameter estimation (en)COVID-19, Modelo SEIVR, Coronavirus, Vacunación, Equilibrio, Estimación de parámetros, Número reproductivo básico (es)
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In an effort to curb the spread of COVID-19, various types of vaccines, including mRNA, viral vectors, and traditional ones, were globally approved and implemented. However, the distribution of vaccines in each country became a critical and determining factor in the disease's evolution. The present study aims to understand the differential impact of the different available vaccine types on disease burden. A proposed mathematical model considers multiple vaccines in a community to analyze the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission in two socioeconomically diverse regions. Secondary incidence data for the cities of Bogotá, Colombia, and New York, USA, from March 2020 to December 2021 were used to estimate vaccine-related parameters and actual transmission rates. The results suggest that although New York has more effective vaccines, higher vaccination rates, and lower poverty rates compared to Bogotá, its disease burden was significantly higher due to higher population density and, consequently, a greater number of contacts. This indicates that while more effective vaccines are crucial to flattening the curve, social distancing measures are equally important for quickly controlling the disease if the vaccination rate is not sufficiently high. Additionally, the model successfully captures the epidemiological behaviour of transmission through the use of vaccines, calculating the basic reproductive number in different scenarios and estimating the parameters of the proposed model.
En un esfuerzo por frenar la propagación del COVID-19, se aprobaron e implementaron globalmente varios tipos de vacunas, incluidas las de ARNm, vectores virales y las tradicionales. Sin embargo, la distribución de vacunas en cada país se convirtió en un factor crítico y determinante en la evolución de la enfermedad. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo comprender el impacto diferencial de los diferentes tipos de vacunas disponibles en la carga de la enfermedad. Se propone un modelo matemático que considera múltiples vacunas en una comunidad para analizar la dinámica de transmisión del COVID-19 en dos regiones socioeconómicamente diversas. Se utilizaron datos de incidencia secundaria de las ciudades de Bogotá, Colombia, y Nueva York, EE.UU., desde marzo de 2020 hasta diciembre de 2021 para estimar los parámetros relacionados con las vacunas y las tasas reales de transmisión. Los resultados sugieren que, aunque Nueva York tiene vacunas más efectivas, mayores tasas de vacunación y menores tasas de pobreza en comparación con Bogotá, su carga de enfermedad fue significativamente mayor debido a una mayor densidad de población y, por consiguiente, un mayor número de contactos. Esto indica que, si bien las vacunas más efectivas son cruciales para aplanar la curva, las medidas de distanciamiento social son igualmente importantes para controlar rápidamente la enfermedad si la tasa de vacunación no es lo suficientemente alta. Además, el modelo captura con éxito el comportamiento epidemiológico de la transmisión mediante el uso de vacunas, calculando el número reproductivo básico en diferentes escenarios y estimando los parámetros del modelo propuesto.
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