Published
2012-09-01
Distribuciones estadísticas de fatiga útiles para modelar diámetro y mortalidad de árboles
Fatigue Statistical Distributions Useful for Modeling Diameter and Mortality of Trees
Keywords:
análisis de datos, fuerza de mortalidad, silvicultura, tasa de riesgo (es)data analysis, force of mortality, forestry, hazard rate (en)
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Los procesos de mortalidad y la distribución del diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP)
de árboles son dos problemas importantes en el área forestal. Los árboles mueren debido
a diversos factores causados por estrés mediante un fenómeno similar a la fatiga de materiales.
Específicamente, la fuerza (tasa) de mortalidad de árboles crece rápidamente en
una primera fase y luego alcanza un máximo, momento en el que comienza una segunda
fase en donde esta tasa decrece lentamente estabilizándose en una constante en el largo
plazo. Distribuciones Birnbaum-Saunders (BS) son modelos que han recibido una atención
considerable en la actualidad debido a sus interesantes propiedades. Modelos BS nacen de
un problema de fatiga de materiales y poseen una tasa de fallas (equivalente a la fuerza de
mortalidad) que se comporta de la misma forma que ésa del DAP de árboles. Entonces,
distribuciones BS poseen argumentos que las transforman en modelos que puede ser útiles
en las ciencias forestales. En este trabajo, presentamos una metodología basada en la distribución
BS asociada con esta temática forestal. Para finalizar, realizamos una aplicación
con cinco conjuntos de datos reales (algunos de ellos no publicados) de DAP que proporciona
una evidencia estadística en favor de la metodología BS en relación a la metodología
estándar usada en ciencias forestales. Esta aplicación entrega información que puede ser
valiosa para tomar decisiones forestales.
Mortality processes and the distribution of the diameter at breast height (DBH) of
trees are two important problems in forestry. Trees die due to several factors caused by
stress according to a phenomenon similar to material fatigue. Specifically, the force (rate)
of mortality of trees quickly increases at a first stage and then reaches a maximum. In
that moment, this rate slowly decreases until stabilizing at a constant value in the long
term establishing a second stage of such a rate. Birnbaum-Saunders (BS) distributions
are models that have received considerable attention currently due to their interesting
properties. BS models have their genesis from a problem of material fatigue and present
a failure or hazard rate (equivalent to the force of mortality) that has the same behavior
as that of the DBH of trees. Then, BS distributions have arguments that transform
them into models that can be useful in forestry. In this paper, we present a methodology
based on BS distributions associated with this forest thematic. To complete this study,
we perform an application of five real DBH data sets (some of them unpublished) that
provides statistical evidence in favor of the BS methodology in relation to the forestry
standard methodology. This application provides valuable financial information that can
be used for making decisions in forestry.
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How to Cite
Leiva, V., Ponce, M. G., Marchant, C., & Bustos, O. (2012). Fatigue Statistical Distributions Useful for Modeling Diameter and Mortality of Trees. Revista Colombiana De Estadística, 35(3), 349-367. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/estad/article/view/36872
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