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Figuras de lo humano en Judith Butler La reivindicación de un espacio político entre la antropología y el antihumanismo
Figures of the Human in Judith Butler The Recognition of a Political Space between Anthropology and Anti-humanism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ideasyvalores.v67n168.58670Palabras clave:
J. Butler, antihumanismo, antropología política, humanismo, humano. (es)J. Butler, anti-humanism, political anthropology, humanism, human. (en)
Si bien la crítica antihumanista de la categoría de lo humano tenía un objetivo eminentemente emancipador, ha desembocado en los últimos años en una paradoja vinculada a la defensa del carácter construido y, por tanto, descualificado de lo humano. Para responder a esta paradoja, varios filósofos ubicados en el espacio teórico del antihumanismo se han visto forzados a repensar, y en cierto modo a recuperar, lo humano. Judith Butler ofrece uno de los tratamientos más sofisticados de esta cuestión en la medida en que propone, según nuestra hipótesis, no un nuevo concepto de lo humano o un nuevo humanismo, sino distintas figuras de lo humano articuladas en torno a dos vértebras fundamentales: la impropiedad y la precariedad. Al explorar la tensión que modula la relación entre estas dos vértebras, sostenemos que Butler estaría sentando las bases para una antropología política crítica, antihumanista y no antropocéntrica.
While the antihumanist critique of the concept “the human” initially had a fundamentally emancipatory aim, a particular paradox –related to the thesis of the constructed and ultimately disqualified character of the human– eventually grew from it. To deal with this, subsequent thinkers working within and from this position have, therefore, re-thought and, to a certain extent, recuperated the notion of “the human.” We argue that Judith Butler offers one of the most sophisticated treatments of this issue by proposing not a new concept of the human or a new humanism, but different figures of the human articulated around two axes: inconsistency and precariousness. The argument defended is that, by exploring the tension that modulates the relation between these two axes, Butler establishes the parameters for a critical, political antihumanist and non-anthropocentric anthropology.
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