MODELO DE CLASE DE ÁTOMOS HELIOIDES - ANÁLISIS DE UNA REGULARIDAD EN LA ENERGÍA DEL ESTADO BASE DE LOS ÁTOMOS DE LA SERIE HELIOIDE
CLASS MODEL OF HELIUM-LIKE ION ATOMS - ANALYSIS OF A REGULAR BEHAVIOR IN THE GROUND STATE ENERGY OF THE HELIUM-LIKE ION ATOM SERIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/mo.n67.101565Keywords:
modelo de Bohr, sistema de dos estados, helioide, resonancia electrónica (es)helium-like ion, Bohr’s model, two-state system, electron resonance (en)
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Cuando se aplicó anteriormente el modelo de Bohr para predecir la energía de estado fundamental de sistemas atómicos de dos electrones, se encontraron valores en exceso negativos de los reales, particularmente en las especies más livianas: ion negativo de hidrógeno y el helio. Inspirándose en el popular juego de las tronadoras y basándose en un comportamiento regular revelado por los datos experimentales, se propone una nueva interpretación ampliada del modelo de Bohr. Según éste, los electrones giran a una misma frecuencia mientras mantienen una posición angular relativa rígida entre sí, en el momento en que se espera que se produzca una resonancia electrónica entre posiciones simétricas en la estructura atómica. Como resultado, se obtiene una separación angular independiente de Z de 106° para los iones similares al helio, con una de discrepancia energética inferior al 0,04 % en el intervalo Z ≤ 12. La simplicidad de la imagen atómica que emerge anima a utilizar el modelo como ayuda didactica en física moderna, química-física y otros cursos universitarios de ciencia e ingeniería.
When Bohr's model was formerly applied to predict the ground state energy of two-electron atomic systems, values in excess negative of the actual ones were found, mainly for the lighter species: negative hydrogen ion and helium. Inspired in the popular clackers toy game and based on a regular behavior revealed by the experimental data, an extended Bohr's model new rendition is proposed. According to that, electrons rotate at a same frequency while keeping a fixed relative angular position one to another, at the time that an electronic resonance is expected to occur between symmetrical positions in the atomic structure. As a result, a Z-independent angular separation of 106° is obtained for the helium-like ions, with an energy discrepancy bar less than 0,04 % in the range Z ≤ 12. The simplicity of the atomic picture that emerges encourages the use of the model as a teaching aid in modern physics, chemistry-physics, and other university courses in science and engineering.
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