NATURAL FIBERS AS REINFORCEMENT IN POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Published

2022-07-05

FIBRAS NATURALES COMO REFUERZO EN MATERIALES COMPUESTOS DE MATRIZ POLIMÉRICA

NATURAL FIBERS AS REINFORCEMENT IN POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Keywords:

fibras naturales, materiales compuestos, tratamientos de compatibilización, guadua angustifolia (es)
natural fibers, composite materials, compatibilization treatments, Guadua angustifolia (en)

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Authors

Patricia Luna Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Agrícola, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3226-2411
Juan M. Lizarazo-Marriaga Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Agrícola, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6543-1640

Abstract (es)
Abstract (en)

Debido a la crisis ambiental que atraviesa la humanidad, actualmente se vienen realizando diversas investigaciones encaminadas a encontrar alternativas sustentables para diferentes procesos industriales. En este sentido, en la actualidad las fibras naturales se han convertido en un recurso atractivo para diferentes industrias, dentro de la que se puede destacar la de los materiales compuestos. Las fibras naturales son recursos renovables que pueden ser obtenidos de animales o vegetales, que presentan múltiples ventajas como son su bajo costo y peso, biodegradabilidad y altas propiedades específicas. Este documento constituye una revisión de algunos aspectos relevantes a tener en cuenta para el empleo de fibras naturales en la industria de los compuestos, como son su origen, composición química, metodologías de extracción, propiedades físicas y mecánicas, y algunos tratamientos necesarios para mejorar la adherencia cuando se emplean como refuerzo de matrices poliméricas. Además, se destacan algunos de los resultados obtenidos en una investigación enfocada a proporcionar aspectos técnicos para el empleo de fibras de bambú Guadua angustifolia como material de refuerzo. Cabe resaltar que la revisión presentada en este documento se centra en fibras de origen vegetal.

Due to the environmental crisis that humanity is going through, several researches are currently being carried out to find sustainable alternatives for different industrial processes. In this sense, natural fibers have become a valuable resource for different industries, including the composite industry. Natural fibers are renewable resources that can be obtained from animals or plants and have multiple advantages, such as low cost and weight, biodegradability and high specific properties. This paper is a review of some relevant aspects to consider in the use of natural fibers in the composites industry, such as their origin, chemical composition, extraction methodology, physical and mechanical properties, and some necessary treatments to improve adhesion when they are used as reinforcement of polymeric matrices. In addition, some of the results obtained in a research focused on providing technical aspects for the use of bamboo fibers guadua angustifolia as reinforcement material are highlighted. It should be noted that the review presented in this paper focuses on plant-based fibers.

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