ASPECTOS NANO DE LOS DESECHOS DE PLÁSTICO
NANO ASPECTS OF PLASTIC DEBRIS
Keywords:
Deshechos de plástico, nanopartículas, nanoplásticos, microplásticos, caracterización nanométrica. (es)Plastic waste, nanoparticles, nanoplastics, microplastics, nanoscale characterization techniques. (en)
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Lejos de tratarse de una reseña exhaustiva, este artículo resume conocimientos actuales sobre el origen y el destino de los deshechos de un material hoy día omnipresente: los plásticos. La degradación de este material en fragmentos con dimensiones nanométricas, o nanoplásticos, demostrada recientemente, es interpretada como un peligro adicional que representan los deshechos de plástico para la naturaleza. Sin embargo, no sabemos de estudios que cuantifiquen la cantidad de nanoplásticos distribuidos en nuestro planeta. Esta información es considerada de suma importancia para determinar el grado de peligrosidad de los nanoplásticos, los cuales, al igual a otras nanopartículas antropogénicas, interactúan con la la gran multitud diferentes actores en ecosistemas y bióticos de manera compleja, hoy muchas veces imposible de observar. La historia del plástico es una enorme lección a aprender, pero también un enorme reto y oportunidad para las nanociencias.
We present a summary of current knowledge on the origin and fate of plastic waste. It was confirmed only recently that plastic waste can degrade into particles with nanometer length scales, also named nanoplastics. These represent a yet not quantifiable threat to life on the planet. We do not yet know the amount of nanoplastic with which nature is being confronted today, or will be in the future. As it is the case with other anthropogenic nanoparticles, interactions of this material with the basic constituents of life is extremely complex and yet often impossible to observe and understand. The story of plastics is doubtlessly a large and very important lesson to be learned, also for nanoscience and nanotechnology.
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