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DISEÑO Y CALIBRACIÓN DE UN MAGNETÓMETRO DE MUESTRA VIBRANTE: CARACTERIZACIÓN DE MATERIALES MAGNÉTICOS
DESIGN AND CALIBRATION OF A VIBRANT SAMPLE MAGNETOMETER: CHARACTERIZATION OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS
Keywords:
Magnetómetro de Muestra Vibrante, Caracterización Magnética, MMV, Ley de Lenz-Faraday, Equipo de laboratorio. (es)Vibrating simple magnetometer, Magnetic characterization, VSM, Lenz-Faradays law, Laboratory equipment (en)
En este trabajo se presenta el proceso seguido en la implementación de un magnetómetro de muestra vibrante (MMV), construido con materiales comúnmente encontrados en un laboratorio de electromagnetismo. Se describe el diseño, construcción, calibración y utilización en la caracterización de algunos materiales magnéticos. Un MMV mide el momento magnético de una muestra cuando se la hace vibrar perpendicularmente a un campo magnético uniforme; a partir de estas lecturas se puede determinar la magnetización y la susceptibilidad magnética. Este instrumento sobresale por su simplicidad, versatilidad y bajo costo, pero es muy sensible y capaz de eliminar o minimizar muchas fuentes de error que se encuentran en otros métodos de medición, permitiendo así obtener resultados muy precisos y confiables. Su funcionamiento se basa en la ley de inducción magnética de Lenz-Faraday que consiste en medir el voltaje inducido en unas bobinas de detección producido por la variación del flujo magnético que las atraviesa. La calibración del MMV se realizó mediante una muestra patrón (Magnetita) y se verificó mediante una muestra de comprobación (Níquel).
This paper presents the process followed in the implementation of a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), constructed with materials commonly found in an electromagnetism laboratory. It describes the design, construction, calibration and use in the characterization of some magnetic materials. A VSM measures the magnetic moment of a sample when it is vibrated perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field; Magnetization and magnetic susceptibility can be determined from these readings. This instrument stands out for its simplicity, versatility and low cost, but it is very sensitive and capable of eliminating or minimizing many sources of error that are found in other methods of measurement, allowing to obtain very accurate and reliable results. Its operation is based on the law of magnetic induction of Lenz-Faraday that consists in measuring the induced voltage in coils of detection produced by the variation of the magnetic flux that crosses them. The calibration of the VSM was performed by means of a standard sample (Magnetite) and verified by means of a test sample (Nickel).
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