AGUJEROS NEGROS CUÁNTICOS Y EL EFECTO HAWKING
QUANTUM BLACK HOLES AND THE HAWKING EFFECT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/mo.n59E.81662Keywords:
Agujeros negros, Relatividad general, Teoría cuántica de campos, Información. (es)Black Holes, General Relativity, Quantum Field Theory, Information. (en)
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La noción de agujero negro cuántico se ilustra en el contexto de la Teoría de Campos Cuánticos sobre Espacios-Tiempos Curvos, con base en la consideración de efectos cuánticos en las vecindades de los agujeros negros. Para ello se introduce la imagen intuitiva de un agujero negro en el marco Newtoniano, complementada con la estructura causal de la Teoría de la Relatividad. En ese escenario se describe el efecto Hawking y la amenaza a la mecánica cuántica por la posible pérdida de información al interior de los agujeros negros. Finalmente se discuten las paradojas surgidas hasta hoy del matrimonio imposible entre la Relatividad General y la Mecánica Cuántica, claves para encontrar el camino a la gravedad cuántica.
The notion of quantum black hole is illustrated in the context of Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime, based on the consideration of eects quantum in the vicinity of black holes. For this, the intuitive image of a black hole is introduced in the Newtonian framework, complemented by the causal structure of the Theory of Relativity. In this scenario, the Hawking eect and the threat to quantum mechanics are described due to the possible loss of information inside black holes. Finally, the paradoxes that have arisen until today about the impossible marriage between General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, keys to nd the path to quantum gravity, are discussed.
References
S. W. Hawking, Historia del Tiempo. (Editorial Crítica, 1989).
J. Arenas, Astronomía para todos. Retos modernos de una
ciencia milenaria (Benjamín Calvo, 2013).
J. Luminet, Agujeros Negros. (Alianza Editorial, 1991).
R. Inverno, Introducing Einstein's Relativity. (Clarendon Press,
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B. Greene, La Realidad Oculta. (Editorial Crítica, 2011).
L. Susskind, La guerra de los agujeros negros. (Editorial Crítica,
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J. Polschinski, Agujeros negros y muros de fuego. (Investigación
y Ciencia., 2015).
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