Publicado
Examen físico abdominal pediátrico
Palabras clave:
semiología abdominal; pediatría; abdomen; examen físico (es)Descargas
La patología abdominal representa un importante reto diagnóstico en todos los grupos etarios, especialmente en el pediátrico. La disponibilidad limitada de conocimientos nuevos en la literatura, fenómeno secundado por una continua extrapolación conceptual del adulto al paciente pediátrico, y por el desconocimiento de su particularidades patológicas, anatómicas y semiológicas, entre otras, conducen a apreciaciones erróneas y diagnósticos imprecisos. El presente artículo presenta una revisión del examen físico abdominal pediátrico integral, en el contexto de la patología abdominal quirúrgica y no quirúrgica, destacando sus divergencias respecto al del adulto, la importancia de un adecuado acercamiento al paciente pediátrico y de una anamnesis exhaustiva que favorezca la validez de los hallazgos, además de abordar la relevancia clínica de ciertos signos al examen físico, la utilidad de las técnicas semiológicas en el exploración abdominal y finalmente, algunas consideraciones de masas abdominales y examen de ostomías para un consecuente diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos.
Referencias
. Kyrklund. K. (2017). Pediatric Surgery: Job or Vocation?. Eur J Pediatr Surg, 27(03), 223-227. https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0037-1603083
Stewart, M. A., Brown, J. B., Boon, H., Galajda, J., Meredith, L., & Sangster, M. (1999). Evidence on patient-doctor communication. Cancer Prev Control, 3(1), 25-30. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10474749/
Chaitoff, A., Sun, B., Windover, A., Bokar, D., Featherall, J., Michael B Rothberg, M. B., & Misra-Hebert, A. D. (2017). Associations Between Physician Empathy, Physician Characteristics, and Standardized Measures of Patient Experience. Acad Med, 92(10), 1464-1471. https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000001671
Kulik, D., Uleryk, E., & Maguire, J. (2013). Does this child have appendicitis? A systematic review of clinical prediction rules for children with acute abdominal pain. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 66(1), 95–104.
Haller, Jr. J. A. (2003). Why pediatric surgery? A personal journey through the first 50 years. Ann Surg. Ann Surg, 237(5), 597-606. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sla.0000064563.41539.b2
Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. (s. f.). Ciclo de vida. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Socia-República de Colombia. https://www.minsalud.gov.co/proteccionsocial/Paginas/cicloVida.aspx
Valenzuela, Dra. P. (2018). Semiología pediátrica: características del examen físico en la supervisión de salud del recién nacido hasta la etapa escolar. En Perret, Dra. C., Pérez, C. & Poblete, M. J. (Eds.), Manual de Pediatría (pp. 11-30). Pontificia Universidad de Chile.
Nakayama, D. K. (2016). Examination of the Acute Abdomen in Children. Journal of Surgical Education, 73(3), 548–552. https://doi-org.ezproxy.javeriana.edu.co/10.1016/j.jsurg.2016.01.007
Valman, H. B. (1982). ABC of 1 to 7. The severely ill child. British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.), 284(6326), 1388-1391. https://doi-org.ezproxy.javeriana.edu.co/10.1136/bmj.284.6326.1388
Jolly, J. (1986). Communicating with children. Prof Nurse, 1(10). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3637897/
Katz, A. L., & Webb, S. A. (2016). Informed Consent in Decision-Making in Pediatric Practice. Pediatrics. Pediatrics, 138(2). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1485
Makin, E., & Davenport, M. (2016). Evaluation of the acute abdomen. Paediatrics and Child Health, 26(6), 231–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paed.2016.01.006.
Verhagen, L., & De Groot, R. (2014). Dengue in children. Journal Of Infection, 69, 77-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2014.07.020
Eslava Schmalbach, J. H., Guevara Cruz, Ó. A., Gómez Cusnir, P. L., & Sastre Cifuentes, R. E. (2014). Semiología Quirúrgica. Universidad de Colombia
Hutson, J. M., & Beasley, S. W. (1988). The Surgical Examination of Children (2a. ed.). Springer.
Helbling, R., Elisa Conficconi, E., Wyttenbach, M., Benetti, C., Simonetti, G. D., Bianchetti, M. G., Hamitaga, F., Lava, S. A. G., Fossali, E. F., & Milani, G. P. (2017). Acute Nonspecific Mesenteric Lymphadenitis: More Than "No Need for Surgery”. BioMed Research International, 2017, 1-4. https://doi-org.ezproxy.javeriana.edu.co/10.1155/2017/9784565
DiMeglio, L. A., Evans Molina, C., & Oram R. A. (2018). Type 1 diabetes. The Lancet, 10138, 2449-2462. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31320-5
Almaramhy, H., & Al-Zalabani A. (2019). The association of prenatal and postnatal macrolide exposure with subsequent development of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ital J Pediatr, 45(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-019-0613-2
Biner, B., Oner, N., Celtik, C., Bostancioğlu, M., Tunçbilek, N., Güzel, A., & Karasalihoğlu, S. (2006). Ceftriaxone-associated Biliary Pseudolithiasis in Children. J Clin Ultrasound, 34(5), 217-22. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20228
Rojas Soto, E., & Sarmiento Quintero, F. (1994). Pediatría, Diagnóstico Y Tratamiento. Pediatría, Diagnóstico Y Tratamiento. Editorial Presencia Ltda.
Iyer, R., & Nallasamy, K. (2018). Child with Abdominal Pain. Indian J Pediatr, 85(1), 71-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-017-2447-5
Brugha, R., Marlais, M., & Abrahamson, E. (2018). Paediatric Clinical Examination Made Easy. Elsevier.
Kara, T., & Evans, H. M. (2017). Abdominal examination. J Paediatr Child Health, 51(2), 132-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.12845
Golledge, J., Toms, A. P., Franklin, I. J., Scriven, M. W., & Galland, R. B. (1996). Assessment of peritonism in appendicitis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 78(1), 11-14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2502643/pdf/annrcse01599-0019.pdf
Idris, S. A., Shalayel, M. H., Awad, Y. O., Idris, T. A., Ali, A. Q., & Mohammed, S. A. (2009). The sensitivity and specificity of the conventional symptoms and signs in making a diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Sudan JMS, 4(1), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.4314/sjms.v4i1.44876
Walson, J., & Berkley, J. (2018). The impact of malnutrition on childhood infections. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 31(3), 231-236. https://doi.org/10.1097/qco.0000000000000448
Pozo Román, J., & Muñoz Calvo, M. T. (2011). Pubertad precoz y retraso puberal. Pediatr Integral, 15(6), 523-543. https://repositorio.uam.es/bitstream/handle/10486/668949/pubertad_pozo_PI_2011_pp523-543.pdf?sequence=1
Bennett, D. H., Tambeur, L. J., & Campbell, W. B. (1994). Use of coughing test to diagnose peritonitis. BMJ, 308(6940). https://dx.doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.308.6940.1336
Chandrasekharan, P., Rawat, M., Madappa, R., Rothstein, D., & Lakshminrusimha, S. (2017). Congenital Diaphragmatic hernia – a review. Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatoloyg, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-017-0045-1
Peters, B., Oomen, M., Bakx, R., & Benninga, M. Advances in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Expert Review Of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2014, 8(5), 533-541. https://doi.org/10.1586/17474124.2014.903799
Apicella, A., Dolcini, A., D’Amato, L., Bencivenga, C., & Silvestri, S. (2019). Cullen's and Grey Turner's signs in unconscious children. J Paediatr Child Health, 55(4), 481. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.1_14389
Płotka, A., Wziątek, A., Wachowiak, J., & Derwich K. (2019). Successful Management of a Child With Drug-induced Necrotizing Pancreatitis During Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Therapy: A Case Report. J Pediatr Hematol, 41(2), 125–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/mph.0000000000001181
Gutmann, H. D., Ferner, R. E., Listernick, R. H., Korf, B. R., Wolters, P. L., & Johnson, K. J. (2017). Neurofibromatosis type 1. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 3(1), 1-17.
Jennings, R. W. (2000). Prune Belly Syndrome. Seminars in Pediatric, 9(3), 115-120. https://doi.org/10.1053/spsu.2000.7556
Watanabe, S., Suzuki, T., Hara, F., Yasui, T., Uga, N., & Naoe, A. (2017). Gastroschisis in Newborns: Over 16 Omphalocele Years of Experience from a Single Clinic. Journal of Neonatal Surgery, 6(2), 27. https://doi.org/10.21699/jns.v6i2.530
Ramesh, S., Hariprasath, S., Anandan, G., Solomon, P., & Vijayakumar, V. (2015). Single umbilical artery. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.155815
Fraser, N., Davies, B. W., & Cusack, J. (2006). Neonatal omphalitis: A review of its serious complications. Acta Paediatrica, 95(5), 519-522.
Kelly, K. B., & Ponsky, T. A. (2013). Pediatric Abdominal Wall Defects. Surgical Clinics Of North America, 93(5), 1255-1267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2013.06.016
Bourke, M. M., & Silverberg, J. Z. (2019). Acute Scrotal Emergencies. Emergency Medicine Clinics Of North America, 37(4), 593-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emc.2019.07.002
Wood, R. J, & Levitt, M. A. (2018). Anorectal Malformations. Clinics In Colon And Rectal Surgery, 31(02), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1609020
Llanio, R., & Llanio Navarro, R. (2005). Propedéutica clínica y semiología médica. Editorial Ciencias Médicas.
Mealie C. A., Ali R. & Manthey, D. E. (2020). Abdominal Exam [Internet]. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2020. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29083767/
Gryskiewicz, J. M. & Huseby, T. L. (1980). The pediatric abdominal examination. Postgrad Med., 67(3), 126-1288, 130, 132. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1980.11715397
Valdés Armenteros, R. (2003). Examen clínico al recién nacido. Editorial Ciencias Médicas.
Almeflh, W., AlRaymoony, A., AlDaaja, M. M., Abdullah, B., & Oudeh, A. (2019). A Systematic Review of Current Consensus on Timing of Operative Repair Versus Spontaneous Closure for Asymptomatic Umbilical Hernias in Pediatric. Med Arch., 73(4): 268-271. https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2019.73.268-271
Wolf A. D., & Lavine, J. E. (2000). Hepatomegaly in Neonates and Children. Pediatrics in Review, 21(9), 303-310. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.21-9-303
Kara, T., & Evans, H. M. (2015). Abdominal examination. J Paediatr Child Health, 51(2), 132-134. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.12845
Palmer, L. S. (2013). Hernias and Hydroceles. Pediatr Rev., 34(10), 457-464. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.34-10-457
García Aguado, J. (2010). Estudio del paciente con adenopatías periféricas. Curso de actualización en pediatría. Madrid: Exlibris Ediciones; 2010. 31–42
Deng, T., Zhang, X., Wang, G., Duan, S., Fu, M., Zhong, J., Li, J., & Jiang, X. (2019) Children with Cryptorchidism Complicated by Testicular Torsion: A Case Series. Urol Int., 102(1), 113-117. https://doi.org/10.1159/000493766
Weiss, A. P., & Van Heukelom, J. (2012). Torsion of an Undescended Testis Located in the Inguinal Canal. J Emerg Med., 42(5), 538-539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2011.05.073
Kumar, V., Matai, P., Prabhu S. P., & Sundeep, P. T. (2020). Testicular Loss in Children Due to Incorrect Early Diagnosis of Torsion. Clinic Pediatr (Phila), 59(4-5), 436-438. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922820903037
Fujita N, Tambo M, Okegawa T, Higashihara E, Nutahara K. Distinguishing testicular torsion from torsion of the appendix testis by clinical features and signs in patients with acute scrotum. Res Rep Urol. 2017;9:169-174
Childress, K. J., & Dietrich, J. E. (2017). Pediatric Ovarian Torsion. Surg Clin N Am., 97(1), 209-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2016.08.008
Eskander, R. N., & Bristow, R. E. (2012). Adnexal Masses in Pediatric and Adolescent Females: A Review of the Literature. Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep., 1, 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13669-011-0001-4
Wang, Y., & Tao, Y. (2015). Diagnosis and treatment of congenital abdominal aortic aneurysm: a systematic review of reported cases. Orphanet Journal Of Rare Diseases, 10(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-015-0225-x
Mattei, P., & Rombeau, J. (2006). Review of the Pathophysiology and Management of Postoperative Ileus. World Journal Of Surgery, 30(8), 1382-1391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-005-0613-9
Toth, E. (2021). Ostomy Pearls: A CONCISE GUIDE TO STOMA SITING, POUCHING... : Advances in Skin & Wound Care. Retrieved 29 May 2021, from https://journals.lww.com/aswcjournal/Fulltext/2003/05000/Ostomy_Pearls__A_CONCISE_GUIDE_TO_STOMA_SITING,.14.aspx
Di Leo, G., Pascolo, P., Hamadeh, K., Trombetta, A., Ghirardo, S., & Schleef, J. et al. (2019). Gastrostomy Placement and Management in Children: A Single-Center Experience. Nutrients, 11(7), 1555. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fnu11071555
Berti-Hearn, L., & Elliott, B. (2019). Colostomy Care. Home Healthcare Now, 37(2), 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1097/nhh.0000000000000735
Cómo citar
APA
ACM
ACS
ABNT
Chicago
Harvard
IEEE
MLA
Turabian
Vancouver
Descargar cita
Visitas a la página del resumen del artículo
Descargas
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2021 Iván Molina Ramírez, Juan Javier Valero Halaby, Paola Andrea Becerra Pedraza, Geraldine Rodríguez López, Claribeth Vásquez Torrejano, Javier Yesid Acuña Rivera
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Derechos de autor reservados