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Tres tesis sobre jurisprudencia especial
Three Theses on Special Jurisprudence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/peju.n59.116775Keywords:
Áreas del derecho, jurisprudencia especial, metodología, interpretación, derecho privado (es)Areas of law, Special jurisprudence, Methodology, Interpretation, Private law (en)
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En este artículo defiendo tres tesis sobre la metodología de la teoría de las áreas del derecho (sugiero simplemente sobre la «metodología de la jurisprudencia especial»). Mi punto de partida es que un posible propósito de teorizar sobre un área del derecho es saber si esa área es buena, es decir, saber si el área en cuestión es, si no la mejor que podría ser, al menos lo suficientemente valiosa como para que no debamos reformarla sustancialmente o incluso abolirla. Me refiero a este propósito de las teorías sobre las áreas del Derecho como el propósito de la justificación. A partir de este propósito, siguen las tres tesis. La primera tesis es que la teoría debería estar constituida por etapas, la primera de las cuales (la etapa de pre-evaluación) debería implicar juicios sobre qué características del área del derecho que estamos tratando son importantes (lo que Julie Dickson llama juicios indirectamente evaluativos), pero no sobre si el área del derecho en cuestión es buena o mala (juicios directamente evaluativos). La segunda tesis es que no debemos limitarnos a las características necesarias del ámbito del Derecho objeto de estudio, sino ocuparnos también de las características contingentes. La tercera tesis, por una determinada interpretación x de un ámbito del Derecho no debe descartarse sólo porque exista otra interpretación, y, superior a x. A pesar de no ser la mejor interpretación, x puede decirnos algo importante sobre el ámbito del Derecho que queremos evaluar. Una conclusión que cabe extraer de esta tercera tesis es que los debates sobre qué interpretación de un ámbito del Derecho es la mejor pueden ser menos interesantes de lo que se suele suponer.
In this article, I defend three theses on the methodology of theory of law areas (I suggest simply on the “methodology of special jurisprudence”). My starting point is that one possible purpose of theorizing about an area of law is to know if that area is good—that is, to know if the area in question is, if not the best it could be, at least valuable enough that we should not substantially reform it or even abolish it. I refer to this purpose of theories about areas of law as the purpose of justification. Based on this purpose, then follow my three theses.
The first thesis is that theory should be constituted by stages, the first of which (the pre-evaluation stage) should involve judgments about which features of the area of law we are dealing with are important (what Julie Dickson calls indirectly evaluative judgments), but not on whether the area of law in question is good or bad (directly evaluative judgments). The second thesis is that we should not limit ourselves to the necessary features of the area of law under study but also deal with contingent features. The third thesis, finally, is that a given interpretation x of an area of law should not be discarded just because there is another interpretation, y, superior to x. Despite not being the best interpretation, x can tell us something important about the area of law we want to assess. One conclusion to be drawn from this third thesis is that debates about which interpretation of an area of law is the best may be less interesting than is generally assumed.
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