Publicado

2022-10-23

Selênio, um elemento essencial à vida humana

Selenium, an Essential Element to Human Life

El selenio, un elemento esencial para la vida humana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/rcciquifa.v51n2.105102

Palabras clave:

Sistemas biológicos, química medicinal, selenoproteínas. (pt)
Sistemas biológicos, química médica, selenoproteínas (es)
Biological systems, medicinal chemistry, selenoproteins (en)

Autores/as

  • Victor Facchinetti Farmanguinhos/Fiocruz, R. Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ
  • Gabriel de Oliveira Costa Farmanguinhos/Fiocruz, R. Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
  • Letícia Barbara da Penha Farmanguinhos/Fiocruz, R. Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
  • Karoline Chagas Lisboa Aboud Farmanguinhos/Fiocruz, R. Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
  • Rafael Dantas Ribeiro Farmanguinhos/Fiocruz, R. Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
  • Claudia Regina Brandão Gomes Farmanguinhos/Fiocruz, R. Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
  • Marcus Vinícius Nora de Souza Farmanguinhos/Fiocruz, R. Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.

Introdução: o Selênio ao mesmo tempo em que é tóxico se ingerido em grandes quantidades, é, também, micronutriente essencial em diversos processos metabólicos de animais e humanos. A deficiência de selênio vem sendo relacionada à predispo-sição em desenvolver doenças como o câncer, a diabetes, doenças cardiovasculares, entre outras. Na química medicinal, o selênio vem ganhando importância a partir da descoberta do ebselen, do ethaselen e do disseleneto de difenila. Objetivo: essa revisão tem como objetivo compilar as principais informações disponíveis na litera-tura sobre a importância do selênio para a vida humana, proporcionando ao leitor uma visão geral do papel biológico desse elemento, das principais doenças relacio-nadas à deficiência de selênio, e da química medicinal dos três principais compostos de organoselênio. Metodologia: foram recuperados artigos e teses acadêmicas que contemplassem o papel do selênio na bioquímica e na química medicinal, publicados em português e inglês, utilizando-se as bases de dados SciFinder, PubMed e Google Acadêmico. Resultados: até o momento, foram identificadas 25 selenoproteínas que desempenham funções biológicas essenciais em animais e humanos. Sabe-se que a deficiência de selênio está diretamente relacionada à predisposição no desenvol-vimento de diversas doenças. No campo da química medicinal, foi provado que é possível desenvolver moléculas bioativas, com baixa toxidez, contendo átomos de selênio em sua estrutura. Conclusão: o selênio é um elemento essencial à vida, sendo o componente-chave das selenoproteínas. O entendimento dos processos bioquí-micos modulados por elas é imperativo para que os químicos medicinais possam desenvolver fármacos potentes contendo átomos de selênio em sua estrutura.

Introduction: Selenium is, at the same time, toxic if ingested in great amounts and an essential micronutrient to several metabolic processes in both animals and humans. Selenium deficiency is being related to an increased chance to develop diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, among others. In medicinal chemistry, selenium has gained in importance since the discovery of ebselen, ethaselen, and diphenyl disselenide. Objectives: This review aims to compile the main data avail-able on the literature on the importance of selenium to human life, providing an overview of its biological role, the main diseases related to its deficiency, as well as the medicinal chemistry of the three most prominent organoselenium compounds. Methodology: Articles and academic thesis, published in English and Portuguese, showing the role of selenium in biochemistry and medicinal chemistry were recov-ered from SciFinder, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Results: So far, 25 selenopro-teins that play a biological role in humans and animals were identified. It is known that selenium deficiency is directly related not only to a predisposition to developing some diseases but is also the main cause of illnesses such as Keshan and Kashin-Beck. In the medicinal chemistry field, the development of selenium-containing bioactive compounds with low toxicity was proved possible. Conclusion: Selenium is an essential element to life, being the core component of selenoproteins. The under-standing of the biochemical processes modulated by those proteins is mandatory to medicinal chemists willing to develop potent organoselenium drugs.

Introducción: el selenioa la par que tóxico si se ingiere en grandes cantidades, es también un micronutriente esencial en varios procesos metabólicos en animales y humanos. La deficiencia de selenio se ha relacionado con una predisposición a desa-rrollar enfermedades como cáncer, diabetes, enfermedades cardiovasculares, entre otras. Em química médica, el selenio ha ganado importancia desde el descubrimiento del ebselen, etaselen y difenil diselenide. Objetivo: esta revisión tiene como objetivo recopilar los principales datos disponibles en la literatura sobre la importancia del selenio para la vida humana, y proporcionar al lector una descripción general del papel biológico de este elemento, las principales enfermedades relacionadas con la deficiencia de este elemento, así como los compuestos de organoselenio más desta-cados. Metodología: se recuperaron artículos y tesis académicas que contemplaban el papel del selenio en la bioquímica y la química médica, publicados en portu-gués e inglés, utilizando las bases de datos SciFinder, PubMed y Google Scholar. Resultados: hasta el momento, se han identificado 25 selenoproteínas que realizan funciones biológicas esenciales en animales y humanos. Se sabe que la deficiencia de selenio está directamente relacionada con la predisposición en el desarrollo de varias dolencias, y también es la principal causa de enfermedades como las de Keshan y Kashin-Beck. En el campo de la química médica se ha comprobado que es posible desarrollar moléculas bioactivas, de baja toxicidad, que contengan átomos de selenio en su estructura. Conclusión: el selenio es un elemento esencial en la vida, siendo un componente central de las selenoproteínas. Comprender los procesos bioquímicos modulados por ellos es imperativo para que los químicos médicos puedan desarrollar fármacos potentes que contengan átomos de selenio en su estructura.

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APA

Facchinetti, V., de Oliveira Costa, G. ., da Penha, L. B. ., Lisboa Aboud, K. C. ., Dantas Ribeiro, R. ., Brandão Gomes, C. R. . y Nora de Souza, M. V. . (2022). Selênio, um elemento essencial à vida humana. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Químico-Farmacéuticas, 51(2). https://doi.org/10.15446/rcciquifa.v51n2.105102

ACM

[1]
Facchinetti, V., de Oliveira Costa, G. , da Penha, L.B. , Lisboa Aboud, K.C. , Dantas Ribeiro, R. , Brandão Gomes, C.R. y Nora de Souza, M.V. 2022. Selênio, um elemento essencial à vida humana. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Químico-Farmacéuticas. 51, 2 (oct. 2022). DOI:https://doi.org/10.15446/rcciquifa.v51n2.105102.

ACS

(1)
Facchinetti, V.; de Oliveira Costa, G. .; da Penha, L. B. .; Lisboa Aboud, K. C. .; Dantas Ribeiro, R. .; Brandão Gomes, C. R. .; Nora de Souza, M. V. . Selênio, um elemento essencial à vida humana. Rev. Colomb. Cienc. Quím. Farm. 2022, 51.

ABNT

FACCHINETTI, V.; DE OLIVEIRA COSTA, G. .; DA PENHA, L. B. .; LISBOA ABOUD, K. C. .; DANTAS RIBEIRO, R. .; BRANDÃO GOMES, C. R. .; NORA DE SOUZA, M. V. . Selênio, um elemento essencial à vida humana. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Químico-Farmacéuticas, [S. l.], v. 51, n. 2, 2022. DOI: 10.15446/rcciquifa.v51n2.105102. Disponível em: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/rccquifa/article/view/105102. Acesso em: 13 oct. 2024.

Chicago

Facchinetti, Victor, Gabriel de Oliveira Costa, Letícia Barbara da Penha, Karoline Chagas Lisboa Aboud, Rafael Dantas Ribeiro, Claudia Regina Brandão Gomes, y Marcus Vinícius Nora de Souza. 2022. «Selênio, um elemento essencial à vida humana». Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Químico-Farmacéuticas 51 (2). https://doi.org/10.15446/rcciquifa.v51n2.105102.

Harvard

Facchinetti, V., de Oliveira Costa, G. ., da Penha, L. B. ., Lisboa Aboud, K. C. ., Dantas Ribeiro, R. ., Brandão Gomes, C. R. . y Nora de Souza, M. V. . (2022) «Selênio, um elemento essencial à vida humana», Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Químico-Farmacéuticas, 51(2). doi: 10.15446/rcciquifa.v51n2.105102.

IEEE

[1]
V. Facchinetti, «Selênio, um elemento essencial à vida humana», Rev. Colomb. Cienc. Quím. Farm., vol. 51, n.º 2, oct. 2022.

MLA

Facchinetti, V., G. . de Oliveira Costa, L. B. . da Penha, K. C. . Lisboa Aboud, R. . Dantas Ribeiro, C. R. . Brandão Gomes, y M. V. . Nora de Souza. «Selênio, um elemento essencial à vida humana». Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Químico-Farmacéuticas, vol. 51, n.º 2, octubre de 2022, doi:10.15446/rcciquifa.v51n2.105102.

Turabian

Facchinetti, Victor, Gabriel de Oliveira Costa, Letícia Barbara da Penha, Karoline Chagas Lisboa Aboud, Rafael Dantas Ribeiro, Claudia Regina Brandão Gomes, y Marcus Vinícius Nora de Souza. «Selênio, um elemento essencial à vida humana». Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Químico-Farmacéuticas 51, no. 2 (octubre 23, 2022). Accedido octubre 13, 2024. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/rccquifa/article/view/105102.

Vancouver

1.
Facchinetti V, de Oliveira Costa G, da Penha LB, Lisboa Aboud KC, Dantas Ribeiro R, Brandão Gomes CR, Nora de Souza MV. Selênio, um elemento essencial à vida humana. Rev. Colomb. Cienc. Quím. Farm. [Internet]. 23 de octubre de 2022 [citado 13 de octubre de 2024];51(2). Disponible en: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/rccquifa/article/view/105102

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1. Gabriela G. Mozart, Felipe B. N. Köptcke, Leonardo A. Pinto, Victor F. Moebus, Wagner P. Tamy, Marcos Aronovich, Luiz A. M. Keller. (2024). Enhancement of Dairy Cow Milk Quality with Probiotic and Inorganic Selenium Supplementation. Dairy, 5(2), p.336. https://doi.org/10.3390/dairy5020027.

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