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Elaboración de un bioadsorbente modificado a partir de los desechos de camarón para la descontaminación de aguas residuales
Preparation of a modified bioadsorbent from shrimp waste for the decontamination of wastewater
Preparação de um bioadsorvente modificado a partir de resíduos de camarão para a descontaminação de águas residuais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rcciquifa.v52n2.110751Palabras clave:
Desechos de camarón, remoción de fármacos contaminantes, bioadsorbentes (es)Shrimp waste, removal of contaminating drugs, bioadsorbents (en)
Resíduos de camarão, remoção de drogas contaminantes, bioadsorventes (pt)
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Objetivo: desarrollar un bioadsorbente modificado químicamente a partir de los desechos de camarón para la remoción de fármacos de aguas residuales. Métodos: se elaboraron bioadsorbentes mediante pirolisis y activación química con ácido fosfórico, urea y ferromagnetita, usando como precursor exoesqueleto de camarón. Los bioadsorbentes producidos se caracterizaron por espectrofotometría FT-IR, volumen real, área superficial, punto de carga zero (PZC), y titulaciones Boehm. También se retaron según su capacidad adsorbente respecto a ocho de los fármacos más consumidos en Colombia. La interrelación de estas variables se estudió por análisis multivariado. Resultados: el carbonizado (CAR) contenía prevalencia de elementos tipo carbono y oxigeno producto de la pirolisis intensificando las bandas de C-O-C, CH2 y algunos grupos fenólicos. La superficie de los materiales activados con H3PO4 (CA1:3A y CA1:3B) contenía grupos ácidos como P=O, P–O–C y P=OOH, pero estos no aumentaron significativamente el volumen real y el área superficial específica (11,4 m2/g) al compararse con EE (10,3 m2/g). En el CA1:3U prevalecieron grupos fenólicos, y básicos como C-O y C-N, mientras el CAM poseía grupos Fe-O y FeOH. Así, el CAM y CA1:3U mostraron un alto porcentaje de remoción, especialmente para el verapamilo (~100%), amlodipino (>45%) y ampicilina (>45%). En cambio, la remoción de metformina fue ineficiente con la mayoría de adsorbentes (<40%). Conclusión: estos biodsorbentes se presentan como una alternativa para la reducción de aguas contaminadas por fármacos, especialmente por verapamilo y amlodipino, y ayudan a mitigar el impacto ambiental ocasionado por los residuos de camarón.
Aim: To develop a chemically modified bioadsorbent from shrimp waste for the removal of drugs from wastewater. Methods: Bioadsorbents were made by pyrolysis and chemical activation with phosphoric acid, urea, and ferromagnetite, using shrimp waste as a precursor. Results: The bioadsorbents were characterized by FT-IR spectrophotometry, true volume, surface area, Zero Point Charge (PZC), and Boehm titrations. They were also challenged based on their adsorbent capacity with respect to eight of the most widely consumed drugs in Colombia. The interrelation of these variables was studied by multivariate analysis. The biochar (CAR) contained a prevalence of elements such as carbon and oxygen, product of pyrolysis, intensifying the bands of C-O-C, CH2 and some phenolic groups. The surface of the materials activated with H3PO4 (CA1:3A and CA1:3B) contained acid groups such as P=O, P–O–C, and P=OOH, but these did not significantly increase the actual volume and specific surface area (11.4 m2/g) when compared to EE (10.3 m2/g). In CA1:3U, phenolic groups prevailed and basic ones such as C-O and C-N, while CAM had Fe-O and FeOH groups. Thus, CAM and CA1:3U showed a high clearance rate, especially for verapamil (~100%), amlodipine (>45%), and ampicillin (>45%). In contrast, metformin removal was inefficient with most adsorbents (<40%). Conclusion: These biosorbents are presented as an alternative to reduce water contaminated by drugs, especially verapamil and amlodipine, and help mitigate the environmental impact caused by shrimp waste.
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