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Estudio farmacognóstico y actividad antimicrobiana in vitro de las hojas de Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg.
Pharmacognostic study and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg leaves
Estudo farmacognóstico e atividade antimicrobiana in vitro de folhas de Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rcciquifa.v54n1.115477Palabras clave:
Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg., parámetros farmacognósticos, fenoles totales, flavonoides totales, actividad antimicrobiana in vitro (es)Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg., pharmacognostic parameters, total phenolics, total flavonoids, in vitro antimicrobial activity. (en)
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Introducción: El Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg., es una especie medicinal usada por la población cubana, que cuenta con pocos estudios científicos. Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana in vitro de las hojas de Z. fagara. Metodología: Al material vegetal recolectado se le determinaron los parámetros farmacognósticos según lo establecido en la norma de la OMS para materiales vegetales. La actividad antimicrobiana in vitro a través de métodos colorimétricos de microdilución se le determinó a un extracto hidroalcohólico obtenido por percolación. Al extracto se le determinaron los parámetros físico-químicos, la composición química cualitativa, así como su contenido de fenoles y flavonoides totales a través del método de Folin-Ciocalteu y cloruro de aluminio respectivamente. Resultados: Los parámetros farmacognósticos obtenidos fueron: humedad residual (11,5%), cenizas totales (7,91%), cenizas solubles en agua (2,64%) y sustancia extraíble (agua, 30%, 70% y 95%). Se identificaron los metabolitos siguientes: alcaloides, triterpenos y esteroides, aceites esenciales, flavonoides, carbohidratos, fenoles y taninos. El extracto hidroalcohólico 70% tuvo un olor característico, un color amarillo verdoso, densidad relativa de 0,9244 ± 0,0651 %; pH de 5,97 %, índice de refracción de 1,3605 % y sólidos totales de 21,4 mg/100 mL. El contenido de fenoles y flavonoides totales fue de 14,73 µg de ácido gálico/mg y 3,11 µg de quercetina/mg respectivamente. El extracto no fue activo frente a bacterias y hongos, sin embargo, exhibió una potente actividad frente a los parásitos, siendo Trypanosoma brucei (CI50 = 2,48) el más sensible. Conclusión: Los resultados evidencian las potencialidades antiparasitarias de las hojas de Z. fagara.
Introduction: Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg. is a medicinal species used by the Cuban population, which has scarce scientific reports. Objective: To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Z. fagara leaves. Methodology: Pharmacognostic parameters were determined as established in the WHO standard for plant materials. The in vitro antimicrobial activity for colorimetric microdilution methods was determined to a hydroalcoholic extract obtained by percolation. The physical-chemical parameters, qualitative chemical composition, as well as its content of phenols and total flavonoids were determined for the extract by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and aluminum chloride respectively. Results: The pharmacognostic parameters obtained were: residual moisture (11.5%), total ashes (7.91%), water-soluble ashes (2.64%) and extractable substance (water, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90%). The following metabolites were identified: alkaloids, triterpenes and steroids, essential oils, flavonoids, carbohydrates, phenols and tannins. The 70% hydroalcoholic extract had a characteristic odor, a greenish-yellow color, relative density of 0.9244 ± 0.0651%; pH of 5.97%, refractive index of 1.3605% and total solids of 21.4 mg/100 mL. The content of total phenols and flavonoids was 14.73 µg of gallic acid/mg and 3.11 µg of quercetin/mg respectively. The extract was not active against bacteria and fungi, however, it exhibited potent activity against parasites, with Trypanosoma brucei (IC50 = 2.48) being the most sensitive. Conclusion: The results show the antiparasitic potential of Z. fagara leaves.
Introdução: Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg. é uma espécie medicinal utilizada pela população cubana, que possui escassos relatos científicos. Objetivo: Avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana in vitro de folhas de Z. fagara. Metodologia: Os parâmetros farmacognósticos foram determinados conforme estabelecido no padrão da OMS para materiais vegetais. A atividade antimicrobiana in vitro por métodos de microdiluição colorimétrica foi determinada para um extrato hidroalcoólico obtido por percolação. Os parâmetros físico-químicos, a composição química qualitativa, bem como o teor de fenóis e flavonóides totais foram determinados para o extrato pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteu e cloreto de alumínio respectivamente. Resultados: Os parâmetros farmacognósticos obtidos foram: umidade residual (11,5%), cinzas totais (7,91%), cinzas solúveis em água (2,64%) e substância extraível (água, 30%, 50%, 70% e 90%). Foram identificados os seguintes metabólitos: alcalóides, triterpenos e esteróides, óleos essenciais, flavonóides, carboidratos, fenóis e taninos. O extrato hidroalcoólico 70% apresentou odor característico, coloração amarelo-esverdeada, densidade relativa de 0,9244 ± 0,0651%; pH de 5,97%, índice de refração de 1,3605% e sólidos totais de 21,4 mg/100 mL. O conteúdo de fenóis e flavonóides totais foi de 14,73 µg de ácido gálico/mg e 3,11 µg de quercetina/mg respectivamente. O extrato não foi ativo contra bactérias e fungos, porém apresentou potente atividade contra parasitas, sendo Trypanosoma brucei (IC50 = 2,48) o mais sensível. Conclusão: Os resultados mostram o potencial antiparasitário das folhas de Z. fagara.
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