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Barreras de acceso al cannabis medicinal en Colombia. Una revisión narrativa
Barriers to access to medicinal cannabis in Colombia. A narrative review
Barreiras ao acesso à cannabis medicinal na Colômbia. Uma revisão narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rcciquifa.v54n1.119551Palabras clave:
Cannabis medicinal, barreras de acceso, economía farmacéutica, sistema de salud (es)Medical cannabis, access barriers, pharmaceutical economics, health system (en)
Cannabis medicinal, barreiras de acesso, economia farmacêutica, sistema de saúde (pt)
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Introducción: En Colombia, desde el 2017, el mercado del cannabis medicinal se encuentra regulado; sin embargo, existen brechas entre la norma, disponibilidad y acceso de los pacientes a productos farmacéuticos con derivados del cannabis, aprobados por el ente regulatorio y que cumplan con los estándares de calidad. Objetivo: realizar una síntesis narrativa para identificar elementos que pudieran estar incidiendo en el acceso de medicamentos con derivados de cannabis medicinal de los pacientes. Metodología: se realizó una revisión narrativa consistente en cinco fases: I) búsqueda bibliográfica, II) revisión por título y resumen, III) Revisión de texto completo y IV) selección de las referencias y V) Análisis descriptivo. Resultados: se identificaron barreras individuales para el acceso como el bajo poder adquisitivo en pacientes, mitos y connotaciones morales que se tiene la marihuana por parte de la población general y los médicos, la falta de entrenamiento de estos últimos. Por otro lado, a nivel institucional y de sistemas de salud se detectaron dificultades en los trámites para acceder a los tratamientos y poca disponibilidad de medicamentos. Conclusiones: los hallazgos ofrecen un acercamiento en proponer soluciones y alternativas para la estructuración de políticas en salud pública que garanticen el acceso a medicamentos derivados del cannabis a los pacientes que lo requieran
Introduction: In Colombia, since 2017, the medical cannabis market has been regulated; however, there are gaps between the standard, availability and access of patients to pharmaceutical products with cannabis derivatives, approved by the regulatory body and that meet quality standards. Objective: to carry out a narrative synthesis to identify elements that could be affecting patients' access to medicines with medicinal cannabis derivatives. Methodology: a nar-rative review was carried out consisting of five phases: I) bibliographic search, II) review by title and abstract, III) full text review and IV) selection of references and V) descriptive analysis. Results: individual barriers to access were identified such as low purchasing power in patients, myths and moral connotations that marijuana has on the part of the general population and doctors, and the lack of training of the latter. On the other hand, at the institutional and health systems level, difficulties were detected in the procedures to access treatments and poor availability of medicines. Conclusions: the findings offer an approach to proposing solutions and alternatives for structuring public health policies that guarantee access to cannabis-derived medicines for patients who require them.
Introdução: Na Colômbia, desde 2017, o mercado de cannabis medicinal é regulamentado; No entanto, há lacunas entre a norma, a disponibilidade e o acesso dos pacientes aos produtos farmacêuticos derivados da cannabis, aprovados pelo órgão regulador e que atendem aos padrões de qualidade. Objetivo: realizar uma síntese narrativa para identificar elementos que possam estar influenciando o acesso dos pacientes aos medicamentos contendo derivados medicinais da cannabis. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa composta por cinco fases: I) busca bibliográfica, II) revisão por título e resumo, III) revisão do texto completo e IV) seleção de referências e V) análise descritiva. Resultados: Foram identificadas barreiras indi-viduais de acesso, como o baixo poder aquisitivo dos pacientes, os mitos e conotações morais que a maconha tem por parte da população em geral e dos médicos, e a falta de capacitação destes últimos. Por outro lado, a nível institucional e do sistema de saúde, foram detetadas dificuldades nos procedimentos de acesso aos tratamentos e baixa disponibilidade de medicamentos. Conclusões: Os achados oferecem uma abordagem para propor soluções e alternativas para a estruturação de políticas públicas de saúde que garantam o acesso aos medicamentos derivados da cannabis para os pacientes que deles necessitam.
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