Next-generation nanomedicine: Bridging tumor biology with individualized drug delivery
Nanomedicina de última generación: Uniendo la biología tumoral con la administración individualizada de fármacos
Nanomedicina de próxima geração: Unindo a biologia tumoral à administração individualizada de medicamentos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rcciquifa.v55n3.123699Palabras clave:
Nanomedicine, Ligands, Drug Delivery Systems, Neoplasms (en)Nanomedicina, ligandos, sistemas de administración de fármacos, neoplasias (es)
Nanomedicina, ligantes, sistemas de administração de fármacos, neoplasias (pt)
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Introduction: Nanomedicine has made a significant impact in the field of oncology, with many nanosized systems reaching the market and clinical trials. These novel drug delivery systems often respond to biological triggers and temporarily target tissues, enhancing the therapeutic index of chemotherapeutics. Despite these advances, including stimuli-responsive and targeting ligand-decorated nanosystems, the therapeutic results have not yet fulfilled expectations. Objective: To explore the concept of smart nanodrug delivery systems designed for personalized oncology, focusing on how personalization can be integrated into the design, fabrication, and clinical translation of nanocarriers. Methods: A personalized approach encompasses tumor characterization and patient-specific profile analysis, resulting in predictive models that establish individual dosing regimens and predict therapeutic outcomes. Companion diagnostics allow monitoring of the tumor response to treatment and the modulation of dosing depending on therapeutic efficacy. Data were obtained from current literature describing tumor profiling, predictive modeling, and smart nanocarrier systems responding to biological or physical stimuli. Results: Smart nanocarriers integrate stimuli-responsive features and targeting moieties to exploit the tumor microenvironment. The application of these systems can be combined with predictive modeling and companion diagnostics to optimize therapy in real time. Preclinical investigations confirm that such systems enhance tumor targeting, improve drug bioavailability, and reduce systemic toxicity. The transition from design and fabrication to clinical translation involves validation of pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and toxicity. Conclusion: The synergistic incorporation of multiple smart functionalities in nanocarriers for drug delivery in oncology provides a foundation for personalized medicine. Personalized dosing applications, predictive modeling, and companion diagnostics enable tailored therapeutic outcomes, reduced toxicity, and improved patient survival. The translation of smart nanocarrier platforms into clinical practice represents a crucial step toward personalized oncology.
Introducción: La nanomedicina ha tenido un impacto significativo en el campo de la oncología, con numerosos sistemas de tamaño nanométrico disponibles en el mercado y en ensayos clínicos. Estos novedosos sistemas de administración de fármacos suelen responder a estímulos biológicos y dirigirse temporalmente a los tejidos, mejorando el índice terapéutico de los quimioterápicos. A pesar de estos avances, incluidos los nanosistemas con ligandos sensibles a estímulos y dirigidos, los resultados terapéuticos aún no han cumplido las expectativas. Objetivos: Explorar el concepto de sistemas inteligentes de administración de fármacos a nanoescala diseñados para la oncología personalizada, centrándonos en cómo se puede integrar la personalización en el diseño, la fabricación y la traslación clínica de los nanotransportadores. Métodos: Un enfoque personalizado abarca la caracterización del tumor y el análisis del perfil específico del paciente, lo que da como resultado modelos predictivos que establecen pautas de dosificación individualizadas y predicen los resultados terapéuticos. Las pruebas diagnósticas complementarias permiten monitorizar la respuesta del tumor al tratamiento y modular la dosificación en función de la eficacia terapéutica. Los datos se obtuvieron de la literatura científica actual que describe el perfil tumoral, el modelado predictivo y los sistemas inteligentes de nanotransportadores que responden a estímulos biológicos o físicos. Resultados: Los nanotransportadores inteligentes integran características sensibles a estímulos y moléculas de direccionamiento para aprovechar el microambiente tumoral. La aplicación de estos sistemas puede combinarse con modelos predictivos y diagnósticos complementarios para optimizar la terapia en tiempo real. Las investigaciones preclínicas confirman que dichos sistemas mejoran la focalización tumoral, aumentan la biodisponibilidad del fármaco y reducen la toxicidad sistémica. La transición del diseño y la fabricación a la aplicación clínica implica la validación de la farmacocinética, la biodistribución y la toxicidad. Conclusión: La incorporación sinérgica de múltiples funcionalidades inteligentes en nanotransportadores para la administración de fármacos en oncología sienta las bases de la medicina personalizada. Las aplicaciones de dosificación personalizada, los modelos predictivos y los diagnósticos complementarios permiten obtener resultados terapéuticos a medida, reducir la toxicidad y mejorar la supervivencia del paciente. La traslación de las plataformas de nanotransportadores inteligentes a la práctica clínica representa un paso crucial hacia la oncología personalizada.
Introdução: A nanomedicina teve um impacto significativo na área da oncologia, com muitos sistemas nanoestruturados chegando ao mercado e aos ensaios clínicos. Esses novos sistemas de administração de fármacos frequentemente respondem a gatilhos biológicos e direcionam temporariamente os tecidos, aumentando o índice terapêutico dos quimioterápicos. Apesar desses avanços, incluindo nanossistemas responsivos a estímulos e decorados com ligantes direcionadores, os resultados terapêuticos ainda não atenderam às expectativas. Objetivos: Explorar o conceito de sistemas inteligentes de nanotransportadores de fármacos projetados para oncologia personalizada, com foco em como a personalização pode ser integrada ao projeto, fabricação e translação clínica de nanocápsulas. Métodos: Uma abordagem personalizada abrange a caracterização do tumor e a análise do perfil específico do paciente, resultando em modelos preditivos que estabelecem regimes de dosagem individuais e preveem os resultados terapêuticos. O diagnóstico complementar permite o monitoramento da resposta tumoral ao tratamento e a modulação da dosagem dependendo da eficácia terapêutica. Os dados foram obtidos da literatura atual que descreve o perfil tumoral, a modelagem preditiva e os sistemas inteligentes de nanocápsulas que respondem a estímulos biológicos ou físicos. Resultados: Nanocarreadores inteligentes integram características responsivas a estímulos e moléculas de direcionamento para explorar o microambiente tumoral. A aplicação desses sistemas pode ser combinada com modelagem preditiva e diagnósticos complementares para otimizar a terapia em tempo real. Investigações pré-clínicas confirmam que tais sistemas aprimoram o direcionamento tumoral, melhoram a biodisponibilidade do fármaco e reduzem a toxicidade sistêmica. A transição do projeto e fabricação para a translação clínica envolve a validação da farmacocinética, biodistribuição e toxicidade. Conclusão: A incorporação sinérgica de múltiplas funcionalidades inteligentes em nanocarreadores para administração de fármacos em oncologia fornece uma base para a medicina personalizada. Aplicações de dosagem personalizada, modelagem preditiva e diagnósticos complementares permitem resultados terapêuticos sob medida, redução da toxicidade e melhoria da sobrevida do paciente. A translação de plataformas de nanocarreadores inteligentes para a prática clínica representa um passo crucial rumo à oncologia personalizada.
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