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¿Son realmente seguros los rellenos dérmicos?
¿Are dermal fillers really safe?
Os Preenchimentos Dérmicos São Realmente Seguros?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rcciquifa.v55n1.125089Palabras clave:
Rellenos dérmicos, reacción a cuerpo extraño, nódulos, biopelículas (es)Dermal fillers, foreign body reaction, nodules, biofilms (en)
Preenchimentos dérmicos, reação a corpo estranho, nódulos, biofilmes (pt)
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Introducción: La inyección de rellenos dérmicos son procedimientos comunes en la práctica dermatológica cosmética porque son utilizados principalmente como tratamiento antienvejecimiento para corregir depresiones, arrugas, surcos, cicatrices, ángulos y flacidez entre otros. Dado que algunos rellenos dérmicos se absorben naturalmente con el tiempo, es posible que los pacientes deban repetir el procedimiento después de un período de tiempo para mantener el efecto deseado. Ya que los métodos de aplicación son mínimamente invasivos, pero como cualquier procedimiento médico, existen riesgos involucrados con su aplicación, naturaleza del material y respuesta individual del paciente, en consecuencia el uso de este tipo de rellenos tienen el potencial de producir una respuesta inflamatoria reconocida como reacción a cuerpo extraño, o presentar respuestas inmunológicas conocidas como granulomas inflamatorios que pueden cursar con complicaciones tardías en rangos de leve a severo o aún ser riesgosos para la vida. Desarrollo del tema: La presente revisión bibliográfica aborda los siguientes aspectos relacionados con: a) Clasificación de los tipos de rellenos dérmicos, b) Respuesta tisular, c) Complicaciones tempranas y tardías, d) Respuesta inmune, e) Prevención de complicaciones, f) Tratamiento y g) Perspectivas. Conclusión: La disposición de tipos y número de rellenos dérmicos continúa en aumento, por tanto, se debe entender sus riesgos y como tratar la aparición de sus complicaciones. Sin embargo, aunque se asume que los materiales utilizados son principalmente biocompatibles, existe cada vez más gran cantidad de reportes de las principales complicaciones y su tratamiento.
Introduction: Dermal filler injections are common procedures in cosmetic dermatology practice because they are used to correct depressions, wrinkles, furrows, scars, angles and sagging, among others. Since some dermal fillers are naturally absorbed over time to maintain the desired effect. Since the application methods are minimally invasive, but like any medical procedure there risks involved with the application, nature of the material and individual patient response, consequently the use of this type of fillers has the potential to produce an inflammatory response recognized as a foreign body reaction, or present immunological responses known as inflammatory granulomas that can present with late complications ranging from mild to severe or even be life-threatening. Topic development: This bibliographic review addresses the following aspects related to: a) Classification of dermal fillers types, b) Tissue response, c) Early and late complications, d) Immune response, e) Prevention of complications, f) Treatment and g) Perspectives. Conclusion: The availability of types and number of dermal fillers continues to increase, therefore, it is important to understand their risks and how to treat the appearance of their complications. However, although it is assumed that the materials used are mainly biocompatible, there are an increasing number of reports of the main complications and treatments
Introdução: As injeções de preenchimento dérmico são procedimentos comuns na dermatologia estética, sendo utilizadas principalmente como tratamento antienvelhecimento para corrigir depressões, rugas, sulcos, cicatrizes, ângulos e flacidez, entre outros problemas. Como alguns preenchimentos dérmicos são absorvidos naturalmente com o tempo, os pacientes podem precisar repetir o procedimento após um período para manter o efeito desejado. Embora os métodos de aplicação sejam minimamente invasivos, como em qualquer procedimento médico, existem riscos envolvidos na aplicação, na natureza do material e na resposta individual do paciente. Consequentemente, o uso desses tipos de preenchimentos tem o potencial de produzir uma resposta inflamatória conhecida como reação a corpo estranho, ou apresentar respostas imunológicas conhecidas como granulomas inflamatórios, que podem levar a complicações tardias que variam de leves a graves, ou mesmo serem fatais. Desenvolvimento do Tema: Esta revisão de literatura aborda os seguintes aspectos relacionados a: a) Classificação dos tipos de preenchedores dérmicos, b) Resposta tecidual, c) Complicações precoces e tardias, d) Resposta imune, e) Prevenção de complicações, f) Tratamento e g) Perspectivas. Conclusão: A disponibilidade e o número de tipos de preenchedores dérmicos continuam a aumentar; portanto, é essencial compreender seus riscos e como manejar o desenvolvimento de complicações. Contudo, embora os materiais utilizados sejam geralmente considerados biocompatíveis, há um número crescente de relatos sobre as principais complicações e seus respectivos tratamentos.
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