Aproximaciones farmacológicas para el tratamiento de la obesidad
Pharmacological approaches to the treatment of obesity
Palabras clave:
Obesidad, sistema gastrointestinal, obesidad infanti, leptina, dieta (es)Obesity, gastrointestinal system, child obesity, leptin, diet (en)
La obesidad es uno de los más serios problemas del siglo XXI y se piensa que afecta a cerca de 300 millones de personas en todo el mundo. Según la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE), el 18% de la población adulta es obesa. Más alarmante resulta el hecho de que exista una fuerte correlación entre el desarrollo de obesidad infantil y su prevalencia en la edad adulta. Asimismo, los niños que no presentan esta enfermedad tienen altas probabilidades de mantenerse dentro del peso normal en la edad adulta. Por lo cual, presentar una obesidad temprana predispone a una prevalencia de esta condición en edades adultas. La Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos (FDA) ha aprobado, hasta ahora, cinco medicamentos contra la obesidad a largo plazo en adultos que presentan obesidad: lorcaserina, fentermina/ topiramato, naltrexona/bupropión, y liraglutida, en los últimos dos años. Una quinta alternativa es el orlistat, un medicamento usado a corto plazo con una eficacia en su uso de hasta seis meses, y es el único utilizado para tratar la obesidad infantil. Por ello, se investigan nuevas alternativas farmacológicas. Resulta muy importante el conocimiento del eje intestino-cerebro, y de allí la importancia de la leptina, hormona que regula la ingesta de alimentos y el balance de energía en sujetos de peso normal, clave en la regulación alimentaria y corporal, tanto en niños, como en adultos.
Obesity is one of the most serious problems of the 21st century and is thought to affect about 300 million people worldwide. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 18% of the adult population is obese. More alarming is that there is a strong correlation between the development of childhood obesity and its prevalence in adulthood done. Likewise, children who do not have this disease have high chances of staying within normal weight into adulthood. Therefore the present obesity predisposes an early prevalence of this condition in adulthood. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved so far five drugs against long-term obesity in adults with obesity: lorcaserin, phentermine / topiramate, naltrexone / bupropion and liraglutide in the last two years. A fifth alternative is orlistat, is a drug used short-term efficacy in use up to six months and is solely used to treat childhood obesity. Therefore, new pharmacological alternatives are investigated. It is very important is knowledge of the gut-brain axis and there leptin, which regulates food intake and energy balance in normal weight subjects and is a key hormone in food and body control in both children and adults
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