Publicado

2018-05-01

Acetilación del almidón de millo (Pennisetum glaucum) y evaluación de su aplicación como posible excipiente

Acetylation of millet starch (Pennisetum glaucum) and evaluation of its application as a possible excipient

Palabras clave:

Pennisetum glaucum, Zea mays, almidones modificados, acetilación (es)
Pennisetum glaucum, Zea mays, starch, acetylation (en)

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Autores/as

  • Alexander Sulbarán Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Farmacia, Grupo de investigación Tecnología de Productos Naturales (Tecprona), Ciudad Universitaria, carrera 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, D. C., (111311), Colombia
  • Germán E. Matiz Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Farmacia, Grupo de investigación Tecnología de Productos Naturales (Tecprona), Ciudad Universitaria, carrera 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, D. C., (111311), Colombia
  • Yolima Baena Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Farmacia, Grupo de investigación Tecnología de Productos Naturales (Tecprona), Ciudad Universitaria, carrera 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, D. C., (111311), Colombia

Los almidones nativos se utilizan en la fabricación de productos farmacéuticos, cosméticos y de alimentos. Tienen limitaciones que pueden mejorarse mediante modificaciones físicas, químicas o enzimáticas. Los almidones de millo y maíz (referencia) se modificaron por acetilación a tres niveles. Se evaluaron fisicoquímicamente y farmacotécnicamente, para comparar el comportamiento de los almidones modificados frente al nativo. El almidón de maíz alcanzó mayores índices de sustitución. A mayor acetilación, la capacidad del almidón de incorporar agua mejoró, reflejándose en índices de hinchamiento y de sorción más altos, así como un incremento en la viscosidad. Se evidenció una mayor estabilidad de los geles del almidón de millo con menor tendencia a la sinéresis. La temperatura de gelatinización disminuyó a medida que aumentaba la acetilación, lo que permitiría obtener geles más rápido y con menor consumo de energía. El perfil de cristalinidad no se vio modificado sustancialmente. No se evidenciaron cambios importantes en las propiedades farmacotécnicas de los almidones modificados frente a los nativos. La captación de agua en el estado sólido favoreció la rápida desintegración en tabletas. Estos aspectos muestran un potencial del uso del almidón de millo acetilado en la industria farmacéutica y de alimentos como agente gelificante y desintegrante.

Native starches are very useful in the manufacture of pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food products. However, they have important limitations, which can be improved by physical, chemical or enzymatic modifications. Millet and maize starches (reference), were modified at three levels. Physicochemical and pharmaceutics tests were applied to evaluate changes in behavior. Under the same conditions, corn starch achieved higher substitution rates. Acetylation of starches, in more extensive, causes changes in the ability of the starch to trap water. The rates of swelling (swelling power) and sorption increase, as viscosity. There were an improve behavior in the characteristics of the gels and the water uptake. This behavior improves stabilization of gels, with less tendency to syneresis. The gelatinization temperature decreases as acetylation increases. By reducing the gelatinization temperature, gels are obtained in less time and with less energy consumption. The crystallinity profile do not change substantially. There were no significant changes in the pharmaceutics properties of the modified starches compared to the native ones. Higher uptake of water in the solid state favors rapid disintegration in tablets. These aspects show a potential use of acetylated millet starch in the pharmaceutical and food industry as a gelling and disintegrating agent.

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