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A rapid and simple capillary electrophoresis procedure for quantification of vanillylmandelic acid in urine samples
Un procedimiento de electroforesis capilar rápido y simple para la cuantificación de ácido vanililmandélico en muestras de orina
Um procedimento rápido e simples de eletroforese capilar para a quantificação de ácido vanilmandélico em amostras de urina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rcciquifa.v51n3.107382Keywords:
Extraction recovery, diode-array detection, urine, vortex-assisted liquid-liquid extraction, capillary electrophoresis (en)Extraction recovery, capillary electrophoresis, diode-array detection, urine, vortex-assisted liquid-liquid extraction (es)
Recuperação de extração, eletroforese capilar, detecção de matriz de diodos, urina, extração líquido-líquido assistida por vórtice (pt)
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Aim: To develop a one-step vortex-assisted liquid-liquid extraction (VALLE) method, without the need for evaporation and reconstitution steps, to establish a rapid and straightforward treatment procedure based on capillary electrophoresis-diode array detection (CE-DAD) for the determination of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) in human urine. Methodology: Optimization of VALLE and CE-DAD procedures were studied in detail. The effects of various experimental parameters, such as the type of the extraction solvent, sample pH, salt addition, and extraction time were investigated. Also, CE separation conditions including background electrolyte type, concentration, and pH, injection time and separation voltage were optimized as well. Results: A successful separation of VMA was achieved in less than 6 min using a basic background electrolyte composed of 60 mmol·L-1 acetate/ACN (acetonitrile) 50% (v/v) (final apparent pH is 5.73). The linear response was obtained over the concentration range from 1.0 to 14 μg·mL-1. The limit of detection and quantification were 0.30 and 1.0 μg·mL-1, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions were found to be less than 4.3%. The extraction recoveries of VMA were between 95%-97%. Conclusion: The developed method is found to be a simple, rapid, and reliable method for quantitative analysis of urinary VMA.
Objetivo: desarrollar un método de extracción líquido-líquido asistido por vórtice (MELLAV) de un solo paso, sin la necesidad de pasos de evaporación y reconstitución, para establecer un procedimiento de tratamiento rápido y sencillo basado en electroforesis capilar con detección por arreglo de diodos (EC-DAD) para la determinación de ácido vanillilmandélico (AVM) en orina humana. Metodología: se estudió en detalle la optimización de los procedimientos MELLAV y EC-DAD. Se investigaron los efectos de varios parámetros experimentales, como el tipo de solvente de extracción, el pH de la muestra, la adición de sal y el tiempo de extracción. Además, también se optimizaron las condiciones de separación EC, incluyendo el tipo de electrolito de fondo, la concentración y el pH, el tiempo de inyección y el voltaje de separación. Resultados: se logró una separación exitosa de AVM en menos de 6 min utilizando un electrolito de fondo básico compuesto por 60 mmol·L-1 de acetato/ACN (acetonitrilo) al 50 % (v/v) (el pH aparente final es 5,73). La respuesta lineal se obtuvo en el rango de concentración de 1,0 a 14 μg·mL-1. El límite de detección y cuantificación fue de 0,30 a 1,0 μg·mL-1, respectivamente. Se encontró que las precisiones intra e interdiarias eran inferiores al 4,3 %. Las recuperaciones de extracción de AVM estuvieron entre 95%-97%. Conclusión: el método desarrollado resulta ser un método simple, rápido y confiable para el análisis cuantitativo de AVM en orina.
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