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Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity and potential toxicity of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) leaves
Detección fitoquímica, actividad antioxidante y posible toxicidad de las hojas de Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem)
Triagem fitoquímica, atividade antioxidante e potencial tóxico das folhas de Azadirachta indica A. Juss (nim)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rcciquifa.v50n1.95447Palavras-chave:
Phytochemistry, antioxidant activity, toxicity, medicinal plant (en)Fitoquímica, atividade antioxidante, toxicidade, planta medicinal (pt)
Fitoquímica, actividad antioxidante, toxicidad, planta medicinal (es)
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Introduction: Azadirachta indica A. Juss, popularly known as neem, has been gaining ground in alternative herbal medicine. This plant offers a constant source of new and unique phytochemicals that are used in the development of new drugs. Aim: A preliminary chemical analysis was carried out to detect secondary metabolites present in the crude hydroethanolic extract of dried and macerated leaves of A. indica and to evaluate its antioxidant and toxic potential. Methodology: The chemical analysis, which was performed according to a procedure described in the literature, identified data positive for phenols, tannins, leucoanthocyanidins, catechins, flavones, flavonoids and xanthones, and the absence of anthocyanins, anthocyanidins, chalcones, aurones, flavonols and flavanones. Results: The quantitative test by the DPPH method, performed in an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, revealed moderate at the highest concentration of 250.0 μg.mL-1. An investigation of the toxicity potential of the crude extract against larvae of Artemia salina Leach, indicated LC50 = 596.7 μg.mL-1, placing it within the range of moderate toxicity when compared to data in the literature. Conclusion: These studies therefore indicate that crude hydroethanolic extract of A. indica leaves contains substances with medicinal properties and that it is safe for therapeutic purposes.
Introducción: Azadirachta indica A. Juss, conocida popularmente como nim, ha ido ganando terreno en la medicina alternativa a base de hierbas. Esta planta ofrece una fuente constante de fitoquímicos nuevos y únicos que se utilizan en el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos. Objetivo: detectar metabolitos secundarios presentes en el extracto hidroetanólico crudo de hojas secas y maceradas de A. indica y evaluar su potencial antioxidante y tóxico, para ello se realizó un análisis químico preliminar. Metodología: el análisis químico, que se realizó según un procedimiento descrito en la literatura, identificó datos positivos para fenoles, taninos, leucoantocianidinas, catequinas, flavonas, flavonoides y xantonas, y la ausencia de antocianinas, antocianidinas, calconas, auronas,flavonoles y flavanonas. Resultados: la prueba cuantitativa por el método DPPH, realizada en un espectrofotómetro ultravioleta-visible, reveló actividad antioxidante moderada en la más alta concentración de 250,0 μg.mL-1. Una investigación del potencial de toxicidad del extracto crudo contra larvas de Artemia salina Leach} indicó LC50 = 596.7 μg.mL-1, ubicándolo dentro del rango de toxicidad moderada en comparación con los datos de la literatura. Conclusión: por tanto, estos estudios indican que el extracto hidroetanólico crudo de hojas de A. indica contiene sustancias con propiedades medicinales y que es seguro para fines terapéuticos.
Introdução: Azadirachta indica A. Juss, conhecida popularmente como nim, vem se tornando importante na terapia herbal alternativa. A planta oferece uma constante fonte de novos e únicos compostos fitoquímicos, utilizados no desenvolvimento de novos fármacos. Objetivo: buscou-se realizar a análise química preliminar para detecção dos metabólitos secundários presentes no extrato bruto hidroetanólico das folhas secas e maceradas de A. indica e avaliar o potencial antioxidante e tóxico. Metodologia: a análise química foi realizada seguindo-se o procedimento da literatura, informando dados positivos para fenóis, taninos, leucoantocianidinas, catequinas, flavonas, flavonois e xantonas e ausência de antocianinas, antocianidinas, chalconas, auronas, flavononóis e flavanonas. Resultados: o teste quantitativo pelo método de DPPH, em aparelho ultravioleta-visível, revelou atividade antioxidante moderada, na maior concentração de 250,0 μg.mL-1. A investigação do potencial tóxico frente às larvas de Artemia salina Leach indicou CL50 = 596,7 μg.mL-1, que comparado a dados da literatura situa-se na faixa de toxicidade moderada. Conclusões: dessa forma, os estudos realizados sinalizam que o extrato bruto hidroetanólico das folhas de A. indica contém substâncias que possam conferir propriedades medicinais, além do uso seguro para fins terapêuticos.
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