Canangucha (Mauritia flexuosa L. f): A potential fruit in the colombian amazon
Canangucha (Mauritia flexuosa L. f): Un fruto potencial en la amazonia colombiana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.100536Keywords:
Antioxidant capacity, Bioactive components, Chemical composition, Moriche palm, Morphometry (en)Capacidad antioxidante, Compuestos bioactivos, Composición química, Palma de moriche, Morfometría (es)
Canangucha is a palm from the Colombian Amazon of great industry interest, due to its expansion and ecosystem and food services it offers to communities. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphometric, physical, and chemical characteristics, as well as the yield of the canangucha fruit in both EI and EII ecotypes, this characterization can become the starting point for the development of the value chain of the fruit. For the fruits and seeds, the longitudinal diameter (LD), equatorial diameter (ED), mass (g), and color (L*, a*, b*) were determined. The pulp was characterized based on pH, °Brix, moisture content, aw, color, crude protein, total lipids, crude fiber, carbohydrates, minerals, total phenols (TP), antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH methods), α-carotene, β- carotene and α-tocopherol. The fruit mass is comprised 61-65% seed, 15 17% pulp and 19-21% pericarp. The morphometric variables of the fruit and seed of ecotypes I and II showed a significant difference (P<0.05). The color of the fruit presented significant changes based on its ripeness, and the luminosity fluctuated between 26.8%-53.7%; while the pulp presented a yellow-orange hue with a variation in the color plane (a*, b*), being between (11.3, 5.1) and (23.4, 43.5). The EI ecotype pulp presented better quality attributes: total lipids (34.2%), crude fiber (22.2%), crude protein (6.8%), pH: 3.6-4.4, °Brix: 15-16, TP: 1467.3±146.5 mg GAE 100g-1, DPPH: 2.5±0.1 mg TE g-1, ABTS: 3.0±0.2 mg TE g-1, β carotene: 68.2±9.6 mg 100g-1, and 11927.7 µg RAE. It was concluded that canangucha has an important nutritional value and compounds with physiological activity, which identifies it with great potential to be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
La canangucha es una palma de la Amazonia Colombiana de gran interés industrial debido a la expansión y a los servicios ecosistémicos que ofrece a las comunidades. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar las características morfométricas, físicas y químicas, así como el rendimiento del fruto en los ecotipos EI y EII. Esta caracterización puede servir de punto de partida para el desarrollo de la cadena de valor del fruto. Para los frutos y semillas se determinó el diámetro longitudinal (DL), diámetro ecuatorial (DE), masa (g) y color (L*, a*, b*). En la pulpa se caracterizó el pH, °Brix, humedad, actividad de agua, color, proteína cruda, lípidos totales, fibra cruda, carbohidratos, minerales, fenoles totales (FT), capacidad antioxidante (métodos ABTS y DPPH), α-caroteno, β-caroteno y α-tocoferol. Se encontró que la masa del fruto está compuesta por un 61-65% de semilla, 15-17% de pulpa y 19- 21% de pericarpio. Las variables morfométricas del fruto y semillas de los ecotipos I y II presentaron diferencia significativa (P<0,05). El color de la fruta presentó cambios significativos en función de la madurez y la luminosidad fluctuó entre 26,8-53,7%, mientras que la pulpa presentó una tonalidad amarillo naranja con variación en el plano cromático (a*, b*) entre (11,3-5,1) y (23,4-43,5). La pulpa del EI presentó lípidos totales: 34,2%, fibra cruda: 22,2%, proteína cruda: 6,8%, pH: 3.6-4.4, °Bx: 15-16, FT: 1467,3±146,5 mg GAE 100g-1, DPPH: 2,5±0,1 mg TE g-1, ABTS: 3,0±0,2 mg TE g-1, β-caroteno: 68,2±9,6 mg 100g-1 y 11.927,7 µg RAE. Se concluye que la canangucha tiene un importante valor nutricional y compuestos fisiológicamente activos que la identifican como una fuente potencial de uso en la industria alimentaria y farmacéutica.
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