Effect of water deficit on water status and growth of five tropical species used in urban forestry
Efecto del déficit hídrico en el estado hídrico y el crecimiento de cinco especies tropicales usadas en silvicultura urbana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n1.101470Keywords:
Drought, Stomatal conductance, Evapotranspiration, Stress, Transpiration, Vapor pressure (en)Sequía, Conductancia estomática, Evapotranspiración , Estrés, Transpiración, Presión de vapor (es)
Due to the urban environment urban trees must deal with drier and hotter than in rural areas. Knowing the water consumption of each species and the indicators of water deficit is useful to decide the frequency and volume of irrigation and to select species according to the microclimate of the location. To determine approximately the irrigation frequency and to identify physiological variables that indicate water stress, it was carried out an experiment in which five tropical species (Citharexylum montanum M., Citharexylum sulcatum M., Caesalpinia spinosa K., Inga edulis M. and Retrophyllum rospigliosii P.) were subjected to water deficit. After a month of planting, eight trees per species were subjected to four treatments: control treatment (volumetric water content higher than 45% (TC)), the volumetric water content of 20% (VM20), fifteen and thirty days after the soil had reached VM20 (T15 and T30, respectively). In trees with similar height, it was found that the descending order of water consumption was I. edulis, C. montanum, C. spinosa, C. sulcatum, R. rospigliosii and that the best indicator of water deficit was the stem water potential. In general, volumetric moisture of soil of 20% was a suitable threshold to decide when irrigating regardless of the species. Deeming the effect of the treatments on the growth of the assessed species, T30 diminished severely the growth by 50% in comparison to the control, except for C. sulcatum in which there were no significant differences.
Debido al ambiente urbano los árboles urbanos deben enfrentar condiciones más secas y calientes que en áreas rurales. Conocer el consumo de agua de las especies e indicadores de déficit hídrico es útil para decidir el volumen y la frecuencia de riego y para seleccionar especies de acuerdo al microclima de cada lugar. Para determinar aproximadamente la frecuencia de irrigación e identificar variables fisiológicas indicadoras de déficit hídrico, se llevó a cabo un experimento en el cual cinco especies tropicales (Citharexylum montanum M., Citharexylum sulcatum M., Caesalpinia spinosa K., Inga edulis M. y Retrophyllum rospigliosii P.) fueron sometidas a déficit hídrico. Después de un mes de plantadas, ocho arboles por especie fueron sometidos a cuatro tratamientos: tratamiento control (contenido volumétrico de agua superior al 45% (TC)), contenido volumétrico de agua del 20% (VM20), quince y treinta días después de que el suelo había alcanzado un contenido volumétrico de agua del 20% VM20 (T15 y T30, respectivamente). En árboles con altura similar se encontró que el consumo de agua en orden descendente fue I. edulis, C. montanum, C. spinosa, C. sulcatum, R. rospigliosii y que el mejor indicador de déficit hídrico fue el potencial hídrico del tallo. En general, una humedad volumétrica del 20% fue un umbral adecuado para decidir el momento de riego, sin importar la especie. Considerando el efecto de los tratamientos sobre las especies evaluadas, T30 disminuyó severamente el crecimiento en un 50%, en comparación con el tratamiento control, excepto para C. sulcatum en la cual no hubo diferencias significativas.
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