CO2 soil emission under different methods of oil palm replanting

Published

2015-07-01

Emisiones de CO2 de suelo bajo diferentes métodos de renovación en palma de aceite

Keywords:

Biomass decomposition, CO2 flux, Elaeis guineensis, soil disturbance (en)
Descomposición de biomasa, flujo de CO2, Elaeis guineensis, disturbios del suelo (es)

Downloads

PDF
HTML

Authors

Cristihian Jarri Bayona Rodríguez Oil Palm Research Center - Cenipalma
Rodrigo Andrés Ávila Diazgranados Oil Palm Research Center - Cenipalma
Álvaro Hernán Rincón Numpaque Oil Palm Research Center - Cenipalma
Hernán Mauricio Romero Angulo Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá - Faculty of Sciences - Department of Biology

Abstract (en)
Abstract (es)

Colombian oil palm plantations have started a large-scale replanting phase. The replanting process has an effect on the disposal of biomass, plant health management, and agro-ecological conditions due to the disturbance that is generated. This document addresses soil respiration (CO₂ flux) as a response variable of crop replanting. Seven renovation methods used in Colombia were tested. The measurements were taken over time after the disturbance and planting of the new crop. This study was carried out in the municipality of Tumaco between August of 2009 and June of 2011 using 7 methods of renovation and 4 stages of crop development. The CO₂ flow was measured at 12 points in each plot. There were no significant differences for the CO₂emission among the replanting methods. The average value for respiration was 929 mg CO₂m-2 h-1 (± 270.3); however, significant differences were found over time. This response was not related to fluctuations of soil temperature and moisture; therefore, there should be an associated response to biotic factors (microbial organisms) not established in this study. The values suggested that the soil of the plots under a replanting process emitted considerable quantities of carbon into the atmosphere, but the emissions declined over time and, in turn, were offset by the photosynthesis of the new crop (14 μ CO₂ m-2s-1 ± 1.4, data not shown), creating an overall positive carbon balance.

La palmicultura colombiana comenzó una fase a gran escala de renovación de cultivo; diversos aspectos influyen en esta situación, dentro de los más relevantes está la disposición de la biomasa y su impacto en el área fitosanitaria, y la condición agroecológica debido al disturbio generado. En este documento se abordó la respiración del suelo (flujo de CO₂) como variable respuesta a la renovacion del cultivo. El trabajo se llevó a cabo en el municipio de Tumaco, entre agosto de 2009 y junio de 2011, en 7 métodos de renovación y en 4 fases de desarrollo del cultivo se midió el flujo de CO₂en 12 puntos de cada parcela. Dentro de los métodos no se evidenciaron diferencias de emisión de CO₂. El valor promedio fue de 929 mg CO₂m-2 h-1 (± 270,3), sin embargo a través del tiempo se encontraron diferencias significativas, esta respuesta no está relacionada con las fluctuaciones de temperatura y humedad del suelo, por lo tanto debe existir una respuesta asociada a factores bióticos (microbiota) no establecida en este trabajo. Los valores sugieren que desde el suelo de lotes en proceso de renovación se emiten cantidades considerables de carbono hacia la atmósfera, pero que van disminuyendo a través del tiempo y a su vez son ampliamente niveladas con la fotosíntesis del nuevo cultivo (14 μ CO₂m-2s-1 ± 1,4 datos no mostrados), generando un balance positivo en estado global del carbono.

References

Adachi, M., Y.S. Bekku, A. Konuma, W.R. Kadir, T. Okuda and H. Koizumi. 2005. Required sample size for estimating soil respiration rates in large areas of two tropical forests and of two types of plantation in Malaysia. Forest Ecology and Management, 210: 455-459. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.02.011

Adachi, M., Y.S. Bekku, A. Konuma, W. Rashidah, T. Okuda and H. Koizumi. 2006. Differences in soil respiration between different tropical ecosystems. Applied Soil Ecology, 34: 258-265. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.01.006

Anderson, O.R. 2011. Soil respiration, climate change and the role of microbial communities. Protist, 162(5):679-690. DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2011.04.001

Avila, R., C.J. Bayona, A. Rincón, and H.M Romero. 2014. Effect of replanting systems on populations of Strategus aloeus (L.) and Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) associated with the oil palm OxG interspecific hybrid (Elaeis oleifera × Elaeis guineensis) in Southwestern Colombia. Agronomia Colombiana, 32(2) DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v32n2.43011

Balogh, J., K. Pintér, S. Fóti, D. Cserhalmi, M. Papp, and Z. Nagy. 2011. Dependence of soil respiration on soil moisture, clay content, soil organic matter, and CO2 uptake in dry grasslands. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 43(5):106-1013. DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.01.017

Belfon, R., I. Bekele, G. Eudoxie, P. Voroney, and G. Gouveia. 2014. Sequestering carbon and improving soil fertility; validation of an improved method for estimating CO2 flux. Geoderma, 235-236: 323-328. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.07.027

Callaway, R.M., E.H. DeLucia, E.M. Thomas and W. Schlesinger. 1994. Compensatory responses of CO2 exchange and biomass allocation and their effects on the relative growth-rate of ponderosa pine in different CO2 and temperature regimes. Oecologia. 98: 159-166. DOI: 10.1007/BF00341468

Castilla, C.E. 2004. Potencial de captura de carbono por la palma de aceite en Colombia. Revista Palmas 25(2): 366-371.

Celis, L.A. 2000. La renovación del cultivo de palma de aceite. Una experiencia más de Indupalma S.A. en la zona central. Revista Palmas, 21: 66-73.

Chen, D., C. Zhang, J. Wu, L. Zhou, Y. Lin, and S. Fu. 2011. Subtropical plantations are large carbon sinks: Evidence from two monoculture plantations in South China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 151: 1214-1225 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.04.011

den Hertog, J., I. Stulen and H. Lambers. 1993. Assimilation, respiration and allocation of carbon in Plantago major as affected by atmospheric CO2 levels. Advances in vegetation science. 104: 369-378. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1797-5_26

Frazão, L. A., K. Paustian, C.E. Cerri and C. Cerri. 2014. Soil carbon stocks under oil palm plantations in Bahia State, Brazil. Biomass and Bioenergy, 62: 1-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.01.031

Henson I.E. 1994. Estimating ground CO2 flux and its components in a stand of oil palm. PORIM Bulletin (Malaysia) No 28: 1-12.

Jiang, J., S. Guo, Y. Zhang, Q. Liu, R. Wang, Z. Wang and R. Li. 2015. Changes in temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in the phases of a three-year crop rotation system. Soil and Tillage Research, 150: 139-146. DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2015.02.002

Kurth, V.J., J.B. Bradford, R. Slesak and A. D'Amato. 2014. Initial soil respiration response to biomass harvesting and green-tree retention in aspen-dominated forests of the great lakes region. Forest Ecology and Management, 328: 342-352. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.05.052

Khalid, H., Z.Z. Zakaria and J.M. Anderson. 2000. Cuantificación de la biomasa de la palma de aceite y su valor nutritivo en una plantación desarrollada. I. La biomasa encima del suelo. Revista Palmas, 21 (1): 67-77.

Lellei-Kovács, E., E. Kovács-Láng, Z. Botta-Dukát, T. Kalapos, M. Emmet and C. Beier. 2011. Thresholds and interactive effects of soil moisture on the temperature response of soil respiration. European Journal of Soil Biology, in press, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2011.05.004

Li, Y., M. Xu and X. Zou. 2006. Heterotrophic soil respiration in relation to environmental factors and microbial biomass in two wet tropical forests. Plant Soil. 281(1-2):193-201. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-005-4249-1

Lin, G., J. Ehleringer, P. Rygiewcz, M. Johnson and D. Tingey. 1999. Elevated CO2 and temperature impacts on different components of soil CO2 efflux in Douglas-fir terracosms. Global Change Biol. 5(2): 157-166. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00211.x

Malhi, Y. and J. Grace. 2000. Tropical forests and atmospheric carbon dioxide. Tree 15, 332-337. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01906-6

Nazeeb, M. 1998. Prácticas agronómicas para permanecer competitivos en la industria de la palma de aceite. Revista Palmas, 19 (4): 39-48.

Raich, J., C. Potter and D. Bhagawati. 2002. Interannual variability in global soil respiration, 1980-94. Global Change Biol. 8(8):802-812.

Ramírez, A.A. and F.H. Moreno. 2008. Respiración microbial y de raíces en suelos de bosques tropicales primarios y secundarios (porce, colombia). Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín, 61(1):4381-4393.

Page, S., R. Morrison, C. Malins, A. Hooijer, J. Rieley and J. Jauhiainen. 2011. Review of peat surface greenhouse gas emissions from oil palm plantations in southeast Asia (No. 15). Retrieved from http://www.theicct.org/review-peat-surface-greenhouse-gas-emissions-oil-palm-plantations-southeast-asia.

Shen, Z.X., Y.L. Li and G. Fu. 2015. Response of soil respiration to short-term experimental warming and precipitation pulses over the growing season in an alpine meadow on the Northern Tibet. Applied Soil Ecology, 90: 35-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.01.015

Shi, W.-Y., R. Tateno, J. Zhang, Y. Wang, N. Yamanaka and S. Du. 2011. Response of soil respiration to precipitation during the dry season in two typical forest stands in the forest-grassland transition zone of the Loess Plateau. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 151(7): 854-863. DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet. 2011.02.003

Tan, K.P., K.D. Kanniah, and A.P. Cracknell. 2012. A review of remote sensing based productivity models and their suitability for studying oil palm productivity in tropical regions. Progress in Physical Geography, 36(5): 655-679. DOI: 10.1177/0309133312452187

Wang, W.J., R.C. Dalal, P. Moody and C. Smith. 2003. Relationships of soil respiration to microbial biomass, substrate availability and clay content. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 35: 273-284 DOI: 10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00274-2

Wang, X., J. Zhao, J. Wu, H. Chen, Y. Lin, L. Zhou and S. Fu. 2011. Impacts of understory species removal and/or addition on soil respiration in a mixed forest plantation with native species in southern China. Forest Ecology and Management, 261(6): 1053-1060. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.027

Yan, M., X. Zhang, G. Zhou, J. Gong and X. You. 2011. Temporal and spatial variation in soil respiration of poplar plantations at different developmental stages in Xinjiang, China. Journal of Arid Environments, 75(1): 51-57. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.09.005

Zhang, Q., H.M. Lei and D.W. Yang. 2013. Seasonal variations in soil respiration, heterotrophic respiration and autotrophic respiration of a wheat and maize rotation cropland in the North China Plain. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 180: 34-43. DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.04.028

License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

The journal allows the author(s) to maintain the exploitation rights (copyright) of their articles without restrictions. The author(s) accept the distribution of their articles on the web and in paper support (25 copies per issue) under open access at local, regional, and international levels. The full paper will be included and disseminated through the Portal of Journals and Institutional Repository of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, and in all the specialized databases that the journal considers pertinent for its indexation, to provide visibility and positioning to the article. All articles must comply with Colombian and international legislation, related to copyright.

Author Commitments

The author(s) undertake to assign the rights of printing and reprinting of the material published to the journal Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín. Any quotation of the articles published in the journal should be made given the respective credits to the journal and its content. In case content duplication of the journal or its partial or total publication in another language, there must be written permission of the Director.

Content Responsibility

The Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and the journal are not necessarily responsible or in solidarity with the concepts issued in the published articles, whose responsibility will be entirely the author or the authors.