Published

2015-07-01

Effectiveness of a rock phosphate solubilizing fungus to increase soil solution phosphate impaired by the soil phosphate sorption capacity

La capacidad de adsorción de fosfato del suelo limita la efectividad de microorganismos solubilizadores de roca fosfórica para incrementar la concentración de fosfato en solución

Keywords:

Mortierella, apatite, phosphorus, Mollisol, Oxisol, Ultisol, Andisol (en)
Mortierella, apatita, fósforo, Mollisol, Oxisol, Ultisol, Andisol. (es)

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Authors

  • Nelson Walter Osorio Vega Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín - Facultad de Ciencias - Escuela de Biociencias
  • Mitiku Habte Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences
  • Juan Diego León Peláez Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín - Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias - Departamento de Ciencias Forestales
Available phosphate (P) deficiency in tropical soils has been recognized as a major factor that limits soil quality and plant performance. To overcome this, it is necessary to add high amounts of soluble P-fertilizers; however, this is inefficient and costly. Alternatively, rock phosphates (RP) can be used, but their low reactivity limits their use. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) can enhance RP dissolution and, thus, improve the RP agronomic effectiveness as fertilizer. Nonetheless, their effectiveness may be impaired by the soil P fixation capacity. An experiment was carried out to assess the in vitro effectiveness of the fungus Mortierella sp. to dissolve RP in an axenic culture medium and, thus, enhance the solution P concentration in the presence of aliquots of soils with contrasting P fixation capacity. The results showed that the fungus was capable of lowering the medium pH from 7.7 to 3.0 and, thus, dissolving the RP. The presence of soil aliquots in the medium controlled the effectiveness of the fungus to increase the concentration of the soluble P. In the presence of soils with a low or medium P sorption capacity, the concentration of the soluble P was high (63.8-146.6 mg L-1) in comparison with the inoculated (soilless) treatment (50.0 mg L-1) and the uninoculated control (0.7 mg L-1). By contrast, with very-high P fixing soil aliquots, the concentration of the soluble P was very low (3.6-33.1 mg L-1); in addition, in these soils, the fungus immobilized more P into its mycelia than in soils with a low or medium P fixation capacity. The capacity of a soil to fix P seems to be a good predictor for the effectiveness of this fungus to increase the soluble P concentration via RP dissolution.
Se realizó un experimento de laboratorio para evaluar la efectividad del hongo Mortierella sp. para disolver in vitro roca fosfórica (RP) en un medio de cultivo axénico y así aumentar la concentración de P soluble, en presencia de alícuotas de siete suelos con capacidad contrastante para adsorber P. Los resultados mostraron que el hongo fue capaz de disminuir el pH del medio de 7.7 a 3.0 y de esta manera disolver la RP. La presencia de alícuotas de suelo en el medio controló la efectividad del hongo para incrementar el nivel de P soluble. En presencia de suelos con baja y media capacidad de fijación de P el hongo fue efectivo para aumentar la concentración de P soluble del medio (63.8-146.6 mg L-1) en comparación al tratamiento inoculado sin suelo (50.0 mg L-1) y el control no-inoculado (0.7 mg L-1). En contraste, con los suelos de alta capacidad para fijar P la concentración de P soluble fue muy baja (3.6-33.1 mg L-1); adicionalmente, en estos suelos el hongo inmovilizó en su micelio mayor cantidad de P en suelos que en los suelos con baja y media fijación de P. La capacidad de fijación de P por el suelo parece ser un buen predictor de la efectividad del hongo para aumentar la concentración de P soluble vía disolución de RP.

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