Precipitation effects on soil characteristics in tropical rain forests of the Chocó biogeographical region

Published

2016-01-01

Efectos de la precipitación sobre las características del suelo en bosques lluviosos tropicales de la región del Chocó biogeográfico

Keywords:

lixiviation, nutrient limitation, tropical rainforest, Ultisol (en)
Lixiviación, Limitación de nutrientes, Bosques tropicales, Ultisoles (es)

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Authors

Harley Quinto Mosquera Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó Diego Luis Córdoba
Flavio Moreno Hurtado Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Abstract (en)
Abstract (es)

Average annual precipitation (AAP) is one of the principal environmental factors that regulates processes in terrestrial ecosystems. The effect of AAP on the availability of edaphic nutrients is poorly understood, especially in tropical zones with high rainfall. In order to evaluate the effects of high AAP on the availability of soil N, P, and K, physicochemical parameters were measured in soils of three tropical rainforests in the Chocó biogeographical region with different AAPs (7,500, 8,000, and 10,000 mm yr-1). Furthermore, a bibliographical review was carried out that including studies for distinct tropical Ultisols and AAP ranging from 1,800 to 10,000 mm yr-1. The evaluated soils presented extreme acidity with high contents of Al, organic matter (OM) and total N, and low quantities of P, Mg, and Ca. The K concentrations were intermediate and the effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) was low. On the other hand, in the evaluation of the influence of the AAP on the availability of N, P, and K in the soil, contrasting tendencies were observed. On one side, a positive curvilinear relationship was found between the availability of N and the increase in the AAP. On the other side, the available P content significantly decreased with increasing AAP. In conclusion, the excessive AAP resulted in increases in total N and low availability of P, thereby altering the dynamics of the nutrients and the carbon balance of the tropical forest

La precipitación promedio anual (PPA) es uno de los principales factores ambientales que regula el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas terrestres. El efecto del incremento de la PPA sobre la disponibilidad de los nutrientes edáficos es aun pobremente comprendido, principalmente en zonas tropicales de alta pluviosidad. Para evaluar la influencia de la alta PPA sobre la disponibilidad de N, P y K en el suelo, se midieron parámetros fisicoquímicos del suelo en tres bosques lluviosos tropicales de la región del Chocó biogeográfico con diferente PPA (7.500, 8.000 y 10.000 mm año-1). Además, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica que incluyó datos de distintos Ultisoles tropicales en sitios con PPA entre 1.800 y 10.000 mm año-1. Los suelos en el Chocó biogeográfico fueron extremadamente ácidos, con altos contenidos de Al, materia orgánica (MO) y N total, y cantidades bajas de P, Mg y Ca. Los valores de K fueron intermedios y la CICE fue baja. Por otra parte, al evaluar la influencia de la PPA sobre la disponibilidad de N, P y K del suelo, se observaron tendencias contrastantes. De un lado, se encontró una tendencia curvilínea positiva entre la disponibilidad de N y el aumento en PPA. Por otro lado, el contenido de P disponible disminuyó significativamente con el incremento en PPA, mientras que el contenido de K edáfico no presentó una relación significativa con PPA. En conclusión, la PPA excesiva ocasionó incrementos en N total y baja disponibilidad de P, lo cual se altera la dinámica de nutrientes y el balance de carbono de los bosques húmedos tropicales.

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