Maize root growth under regular water content, subjected to compaction, irrigation frequencies, and shear stress

Published

2016-01-01

Desarrollo radicular del maíz bajo humedecimiento, sometido a compactación, frecuencias de riego y tensión cortante

Keywords:

Savanna soil, root length, root penetration, root volume, Proctor method (en)
Suelos de sabana, Longitud radicular, Penetración radicular, Volumen radicular, Método Proctor (es)

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Authors

Américo J. Hossne G Universidad de Oriente
Jesús Méndez N. Universidad de Oriente
Félix A. Leonett P. Universidad de Oriente
Jesús E. Meneses L. Universidad de Oriente
José A. Gil M. Universidad de Oriente

Abstract (en)
Abstract (es)

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an agricultural crop grown in the incompressible and alterable savanna soils, which are, with no trouble, compacted by machinery, consolidated by drying and wetting, and insufficiently irrigated. The objectives were to study the effects of (a) water content and compaction over root length, root penetration and root volume under soil water content requirements; and (b) shear stress, and normal tension on root growth. The methods were: Proctor test, water meters, watering frequency, 30x30x1.5 cm plastic cylinders, randomized block designs and factorial simple treatment, four compaction levels per layer (0, 12, 24 and 36), four soil water contents with four irrigation frequencies (daily, inter-day, every two days and every three days) and water amount of 10% to 13% with mean value of 11.78%. Among the findings: (a) The root length average 74.07 cm, (b) Root penetration with median rate 20.42 cm, (c) Root volume median rate 49.601 cm3. In conclusion, maize root structure was positively influenced by water content more than compaction; the dependent variables root length and volume showed no significant difference in the independent variables studied and root penetration presented significance in irrigation treatments.

Maíz (Zea mays L.) es un cultivo sembrado en los suelos de sabana incompresibles y alterables, que son, sin ningún problema, compactados por maquinarias y consolidado por secado y humedecimiento, e insuficientemente regados. Los objetivos fueron estudiar los efectos de (a) el contenido de agua y la compactación sobre la longitud, la penetración y el volumen radicular bajo los requisitos de contenido de agua del suelo; y (b) el esfuerzo cortante y tensión normal en el crecimiento de la raíz. Los métodos fueron: prueba Proctor, medidores de humedad, frecuencia de riego, cilindros plásticos 30x30x1.5 cm, arreglo en bloques al azar con arreglo factorial simple, cuatro niveles de compactación por capa (0, 12, 24 y 36), el contenido de agua del suelo con cuatro frecuencias de riego (diario, inter-día, cada dos días y cada tres días) y la cantidad de agua de 10% a 13% con valor promedio de 11,78%. Entre los resultados: (a) la longitud promedio de la raíz fue de 74,07 cm; (b) la penetración radicular de 20,42 cm; (c) el volumen radicular de 49,601 cm3. En conclusión, la estructura de la raíz del maíz fue influenciada positivamente por el contenido de agua más que por la compactación; las variables dependientes longitud y volumen radicular no mostraron diferencia significativa con respecto a las independientes estudiadas y la penetración de las raíces presentó diferencia significativa con respecto a irrigación.

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