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Genetic analysis of morpho-physiological traits and yield components in F2 partial diallel crosses of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Análisis genético de caracteres morfo-fisiológicos y componentes de rendimiento en cruzamientos dialélicos parciales en F2 de trigo pan (Triticum aestivum L.
Keywords:
Mejoramiento, Parámetros genéticos, Herencia, Selección, Semiárido (en)Mejoramiento, Parámetros genéticos, Herencia, Selección, Semiárido (es)
Wheat breeding in the semi-arid region of Algeria aims to develop new cultivars combining high productivity and good abiotic stress tolerance. Therefore, it is essential to understand the mode of gene effects implicated in the genetic control of these characteristics. Nine parents of bread wheat and twenty derived F2 hybrid populations developed in a partial diallel scheme were evaluated with three replications at the experimental site of the National Agronomic Research Institute of Algeria (INRAA), Setif unit, during the 2012-2013 crop season. Results of the diallel analysis, indicated that the components associated with additive effects were more relevant than those associated with the dominance effects for most of the studied traits. Based on the proportion between dominant and recessive genes in all parents, the dominant alleles were present in greater frequency in group 1. Values of the gene proportion with positive and negative effects in the parents revealed an unequal distribution of dominant genes in the parents for almost all the traits except for chlorophyll content and grain number per spike which showed a symmetric distribution. The average degree of dominance indicated over-dominance for most of traits, suggesting that selection for these traits, in early generation, will be less efficient.
Key words: genetic parameters, inheritance, selection, semi-arid, yield.El mejoramiento genético del trigo en la región semiárida de Argelia tiene como objetivo desarrollar nuevos cultivares que combinen alta productividad y buena tolerancia al estrés abiótico. Por lo tanto, es esencial la comprensión del control genético de estos caracteres. Nueve padres de trigo panadero y 20 poblaciones híbridas F2 derivadas, desarrolladas en un esquema de dialelo parcial (grupos 1 y 2 compuestos por 5 y 4 padres, respectivamente), se evaluaron usando tres repeticiones en la Estación Experimental del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agronómicas de Argelia (INRAA), Unidad Sétif, durante la temporada de cultivo 2012-2013. Los resultados del análisis dialélico indicaron que los componentes asociados a los efectos aditivos fueron más relevantes que aquellos asociados con los efectos de dominancia para la mayoría de las características estudiadas. Basados en la proporción entre genes dominantes y recesivos de todos los padres, los alelos dominantes estuvieron presentes con mayor frecuencia en el grupo 1. Los valores de la proporción de genes con efectos positivos y negativos en los padres revelaron una distribución desigual de genes dominantes para casi todas las características, excepto el contenido de clorofila y el número de granos por espiga, que mostraron una distribución simétrica. El grado promedio de dominancia indicó sobredominancia para la mayoría de los caracteres estudiados, lo que sugeriría una menor eficiencia de selección en las primeras
generaciones.
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