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Effect of a low rank coal inoculated with coal solubilizing bacteria for the rehabilitation of a saline-sodic soil in field conditions
Efecto de un carbón de bajo rango inoculado con bacterias solubilizadoras de carbón para la rehabilitación de un suelo salino-sódico en condiciones de campo
Keywords:
Lignite, humic substances, biotransformation coal, soil salinity (en)Lignito, Sustancias húmicas, Biotransformación del carbón, Salinidad de suelos (es)
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El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar cambios en algunas propiedades químicas, biológicas y físicas, en respuesta mejorada por el tratamiento con carbón de bajo rango (CBR) tipo lignito y bacterias solubilizadoras de carbón (BSC) -Bacillus mycoides, Microbacterium sp y Acinetobacter baumanniique liberan materia orgánica humificada (MOH) mediante la biotransformación de este carbón. En condiciones de campo, se trataron parcelas de 5 m2 con la adición de CBR a una dosis de 5 kg de CBR m-2 y un inóculo de las BSC en una suspensión de 1x108 bacterias mL-1 en una dosis de 100 mL m-2. Se determinaron la respiración del suelo, la actividad microbiológica, la actividad de las enzimas lignino peroxidasa (LiP), manganeso peroxidasa (MnP) y lacasas (Lac). Las variables asociadas a la salinidad sódica del suelo: pH, la conductividad eléctrica (CE), la razón de absorción de sodio (RAS), el porcentaje de sodio intercambiables (PSI), la capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC) se midieron cada dos meses, mientras que la densidad aparente (Da) se determinó seis meses después de haber iniciado el experimento. La aplicación de CBR contribuyó a la disminución de la CE, RAS y PSI, pero los niveles de pH no presentaron cambios significativos. Adicionalmente, no se evidenciaron cambios significativos en la Da, sin embargo, el tratamiento logró incrementar la respiración y la actividad microbiológica del suelo, estimuló la actividad de las enzimas LiP, MnP y Lac, y aumento la CIC del suelo. Estos resultados sugieren la posibilidad de utilizar el CBR como fuente de MOH para la rehabilitación de suelos salinos degradados, un problema común en los suelos del Valle del Río Cesar (Colombia) y en las tierras secas del caribe colombiano influenciadas por la minería del carbón a cielo abierto.
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