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Effect of magnesium silicate in cv. ‘ICA Cerinza’ common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under field conditions
Efecto del silicato de magnesio en frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. ICA Cerinza bajo condiciones de campo
Keywords:
Silicon, Leguminous vegetable, Beneficial element, Nutritional dynamics, Amendment (en)Silicio, Leguminosa, Elemento benéfico, Dinámica nutricional, Enmienda (es)
The bean crop is very important in Colombia, being generator of income and employment; and furthermore very importance within the diet of the population due to its high protein content. Currently, the bean production is not sufficient to meet the demand in the country, because of phytosanitary problems, scarce replacement of varieties and inappropriate handling of mineral nutrition of cultivars. Nowadays, the use of products for soils rich in silicon represents an alternative for production increase, because they contribute markedly in nutritional dynamics. So, the purpose of this research was to assess the effect of magnesium silicate on the physiological behavior of ‘ICA Cerinza’ bean cultivar under agro ecological conditions in Tunja (Boyacá, Colombia). For that, a completely random design with 4 treatments each was used, corresponding to increasing doses of magnesium silicate (0, 300, 600 y 900 kg ha-1) with 4 replications. The total chlorophyll content, leaf area, leaf thickness, fresh and dry mass, yield components, silicon and phosphorus leaf content were evaluated. Statistical differences between treatments (P≤0. 05) were found in all variables tested. The application of 900 kg ha-1 of magnesium silicate showed the best results, confirming that silicon as a beneficial element that can submit a favorable response to physiological level in not bio-accumulators crops of this element. However, this response can be linked to agro ecological conditions, the type of product and also the dose used.
El cultivo de frijol es muy importante en Colombia siendo un generador de ingresos y empleo; sumado a su importancia dentro de la dieta de la población debido a su alto contenido de proteínas. Actualmente en el país es insuficiente la producción de fríjol para abastecer la demanda, esto debido a problemas de tipo fitosanitario, escaso recambio de variedades y manejo inadecuado de la nutrición mineral de los cultivares. En la actualidad el uso enmiendas ricas en silicio (Si) representan una alternativa en el incremento de la producción, ya que estas contribuyen de manera notoria en la dinámica nutricional. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue el de evaluar el efecto del silicato de magnesio sobre el comportamiento fisiológico del cultivar de frijol ICA Cerinza bajo condiciones agroecológicas del municipio de Tunja-Boyacá. Para ello, se empleó un Diseño Completamente al Azar con cuatro tratamientos correspondientes a dosis crecientes de silicato de magnesio (0, 300, 600 y 900 kg ha-1) con cuatro replicaciones. Se evaluó el contenido total de clorofilas, área foliar, grosor de hoja, masa fresca y seca, componentes de rendimiento, contenido foliar de silicio y fósforo. Se presentaron diferencias estadísticas entre tratamientos (P=0,05) para todas variables. La aplicación de dosis crecientes de silicato de magnesio mostro un efecto positivo, siendo el tratamiento de 900 kg ha-1 el que presentó los mejores resultados, lo anterior indica que el aporte de silicio como elemento benéfico puede presentar una respuesta a nivel fisiológico favorable en cultivos no bio-acumuladores de este elemento. Sin embargo, esta respuesta puede estar ligada a las condiciones agroecológicas, al tipo de fuente empleada y la dosis utilizada.
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