Published
Biology of Prodiplosis longifila Gagné and population fluctuation in tomato crops sprayed with insecticides
Biología de Prodiplosis longifila Gagné y fluctuación poblacional en cultivos de tomate asperjados con insecticidas
Keywords:
Damage, Infestation, Longevity, Development time, Sex ratio, Flowering (en)Daño, Infestación, Longevidad, Tiempo de desarrollo, Proporción de sexos, Floración (es)
Laboratory studies were carried out to determine life history parameters of the bud midge Prodiplosis longifila, a key pest of tomato. P. longifila eggs collected from tomato fields hatched into larvae within 1.2 days average and development time (larva I to adult) was around 14 days at environmental conditions. Sex ratio (male:female) of P. longifila was 1:1.03. Longevity of both male and female P. longifila adults (1.1 days for both of them) increased after sugar feeding. Field trials to determine population fluctuation of P. longifila were conducted in three commercial tomato plots located in Colombia, under calendar-based insecticide treatments. Average numbers of live P. longifila larvae in all plots were higher during the last two weeks of sampling than during the first two. Larvae numbers increased even under insecticide spraying. Larvae numbers increased after flowering, suggesting that adults were attracted to tomato flowers and probably used them as source of sugar. Infestation (%) was positively correlated with average number of larvae/leaf bud, suggesting the potential of this indirect method to monitor P. longifila larvae in tomato. Insecticide sprays, applied to tomato fields to control P. longifila, on a calendar-based regime, did not reduce larvae density.
Se llevaron a cabo estudios de laboratorio para determinar parámetros de historia de vida del mosquito de las agallas Prodiplosis longifila, una plaga clave del tomate. Huevos de P. longifila colectados en cultivos de tomate eclosionaron, en promedio, en 1,2 días y el tiempo de desarrollo (larva I hasta adulto) fue alrededor de 14 días a condiciones ambientales. La proporción de sexos (macho: hembra) de P. longifila fue de 1:1.03. La longevidad promedia del macho y de la hembra (1,1 días ambas) se incrementaron después de consumir azúcar. Ensayos de campo para determinar la fluctuación poblacional de P. longifila se desarrollaron en tres lotes comerciales de tomate en Colombia bajo aspersiones de insecticidas tipo calendario. Los números promedio de larvas en todos los lotes fueron mayores durante las dos últimas semanas que durante las dos primeras semanas de muestreo. El número de larvas aumentó aún bajo la aspersión de insecticidas. El número de larvas aumentó después de la floración, sugiriendo que los adultos fueron atraídos a las flores de tomate y probablemente las utilizaron como fuente de azúcar. La infestación (%) estuvo correlacionada positivamente con el número promedio de larvas/brote foliar, sugiriendo el potencial de este método indirecto para monitorear larvas de P. longifila en tomate. La aspersión de insecticidas en cultivos de tomate para controlar P. longifila en un esquema basado en el calendario no redujo la densidad de larvas.
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