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Identification of resistance sources of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to angular leaf spot (Pseudocercospora griseola)
Identificación de fuentes de resistencia del frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) a la mancha angular (Pseudocercospora griseola)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v72n2.70238Keywords:
Common bean germplasm, Genetic resistance, Inoculation, Plant breeding, Pyramid genes (en)Germoplasma de frijol común, Resistencia genética, Inoculación, Fitomejoramiento, Piramidación de genes (es)
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important edible legume in the world and is an important source of income for farmers and food for millions of families. Angular Leaf Spot (ALS), caused by the fungus Pseudocercospora griseola (Sacc.) Ferraris, is one of the most important diseases in the production of common bean with the potential to cause significant seed yield losses. An effective and environmentally friendly alternative to control this disease is the use of improved varieties that combine resistance genes of Andean and Mesoamerican origin. In this study, the response of 181 bean genotypes (coming from different breeding programs of several countries including the USA, Puerto Rico, Honduras, Ecuador, Colombia, Tanzania, Malawi, and Angola) to two angular spot isolates (races 61:11 and 63:51, prevalent in Isabela and Juana Díaz, Puerto Rico) were evaluated. Many of these genotypes contained resistant genes to different biotic and to abiotic stress. A total of 16 lines were identified to have resistance to both races. The resistant lines include the Andean breeding lines CAL 143, 277 and the Mesoamerican cultivar ‘Ouro Negro’ that possess the resistance genes Phg-5, Phg-1, Phg-3, respectively. This information can help common bean breeding programs to pyramid genes from the Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools to generate varieties with long-lasting resistance to this disease.
El frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) es la leguminosa comestible más importante en el mundo, ya que constituye una fuente importante de ingresos económicos para los agricultores y de alimento para millones de familias. La mancha angular (ALS, por sus siglas en inglés), causada por el hongo Pseudocercospora griseola (Sacc.) Ferraris, es una de las enfermedades más importantes en la producción de este cultivo ocasionando pérdidas significativas en el rendimiento. Una alternativa de control efectiva y amigable con el medio ambiente de esta enfermedad es el uso de variedades mejoradas que combinen genes de resistencia de origen Andino y Mesoamericano. En este estudio se evaluó la reacción de 181 genotipos de frijol (procedentes de diversos programas de fitomejoramiento de varios países como EEUU, Puerto Rico, Honduras, Ecuador, Colombia, Tanzania, Malawi y Angola) a dos aislamientos de P. griseola (razas 61:11 y 63:51, predominantes en Isabela y Juana Díaz, Puerto Rico). Varios de estos genotipos poseen genes de resistencia a factores de estrés biótico y abiótico. Un total de 16 líneas con resistencia a ambas razas fueron identificadas. Las fuentes de resistencia incluyen las líneas Andinas CAL 143 y AND 277 y el cultivar Mesoamericano ‘Ouro Negro’ que poseen respectivamente los genes de resistencia a la MA Phg-5, Phg-1, Phg-3. La información obtenida de este estudio puede ayudar a los programas de fitomejoramiento en la piramidación de genes de los acervos genéticos Andino y Mesoamericano para generar variedades con resistencia durable a esta enfermedad.
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