Published

2019-05-01

Effect of pruning, fertilization and pesticide injection on crown dieback in urban trees in Colombia: Analysis of factors involved

Efecto de la poda, fertilización e inyección de pesticidas sobre la muerte descendente en árboles urbanos en Colombia: Análisis de los factores involucrados

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v72n2.73888

Keywords:

Fungicides, Insecticides, Progressive deterioration, Statistic Modelling, Tree health, Urban forest (en)
Fungicidas, Insecticidas, Deterioro progresivo, Modelado estadístico, Sanidad del árbol, Bosques urbanos (es)

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This research evaluated the effect of pruning, fertilization and pesticide injection on crown dieback in urban trees in Colombia and analyzed the factors involved. Systemic insecticides and/or fungicides were applied through injections in the trunk of 15 tree species affected by the progressive deterioration of the crown in the urban forests of the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley. The presence of progressive deterioration was evaluated qualitatively on a scale from zero to three in an average sample of 12 individuals for each species. Two treatments were used: i) application of insecticide + fungicide, and ii) application of insecticide, both treatments were applied three times, plus a general treatment of pruning and fertilization. Also, two controls were evaluated: healthy trees and diseased trees without treatment. The probability of individual progressive deterioration (PD) during the study period according to the species, treatment applied, and the initial state of affectation was estimated using a generalized linear mixed model. The analysis of factors involved also included planting site, traffic flow of the site, the wood density of the species, and time. The results suggest that the deterioration is a dynamic phenomenon associated with environmental stresses caused mainly by the climatic variability. From the evaluated variables, the species seems to be the most determinant factor for the affectation, since intrinsic variables of the species, like wood density, can favor its appearance. On the contrary, the treatments evaluated did not affect the recovery of the species. The action of insects and pathogens seems to be opportunistic once trees are affected.

Esta investigación evaluó el efecto de la poda, fertilización e inyección de pesticidas sobre la muerte descendente en la copa de árboles urbanos de Colombia y analizó los factores involucrados. Se aplicaron insecticidas y/o fungicidas sistémicos a través de inyecciones en el fuste sobre 15 especies arbóreas que han venido siendo afectadas por el deterioro progresivo de la copa en los árboles urbanos del Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburra. Se evaluó de manera cualitativa la presencia de deterioro progresivo en una escala de 0 a 3, en una muestra de 12 individuos en promedio por cada especie. Se emplearon dos tratamientos: i) insecticida + fungicida; y ii) insecticida, aplicados en tres ocasiones, más un tratamiento general de poda y fertilización. También se evaluaron dos controles: árboles sanos y enfermos sin tratamiento. Mediante el uso de un modelo mixto lineal generalizado se determinó la probabilidad de presentar deterioro progresivo (DP) por individuo durante el periodo de estudio en función de la especie, el tratamiento aplicado y el estado inicial de afectación. El análisis de los factores involucrados también incluyó el sitio de plantación, el flujo de tráfico del sitio, la densidad de la madera, y el tiempo. Los resultados sugieren que el deterioro es un fenómeno dinámico asociado a tensores ambientales causados principalmente por la variabilidad climática. De las variables evaluadas, la especie parece ser el factor más determinante para la afectación, ya que variables intrínsecas de la especie, como la densidad de la madera, pueden favorecer su aparición. Por el contrario, los tratamientos evaluados no tuvieron ningún efecto sobre la recuperación de las especies. La acción de los insectos y patógenos parece ser oportunista una vez los árboles están afectados.

 

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Effect of pruning, fertilization and pesticide injection on crown dieback in urban trees in Colombia: Analysis of factors involved. (2019). Revista Facultad Nacional De Agronomía Medellín, 72(2), 8883-8895. https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v72n2.73888