Dependency, colonization, and growth in Gmelina arborea inoculated with five strains of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
Dependencia, colonización y crecimiento en Gmelina arborea inoculada con cinco cepas de Hongos Micorrízicos Arbusculares
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v72n2.74691Keywords:
Commercial forests, P fertilization, Rhizoglomus spp. (en)Bosques comerciales, Fertilización P, Rhizoglomus spp. (es)
Gmelina arborea is a forest species of increasing use in the establishment of commercial plantations in Colombia. The areas where it is currently planted are deficient in nutrients, so the use of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) can be an alternative to improve phosphoric fertilization. The aim of this work was to determine the mycorrhizal dependency, colonization, and growth of G. arborea when it is inoculated with Rhizoglomus fasciculatum, Rhizoglomus aggregatum, Rhizoglomus irregulare, Glomus fistulosum, and Entrophospora colombiana, under different concentrations of phosphorus (P) in a soil solution. A completely randomized design was used with a 6×3 factorial arrangement, five AFM strains + control (uninoculated) and three P doses (0.002, 0.02, and 0.2 mg L-1) with five replicates per each treatment and twice through time. Mycorrhizal colonization and dependency, foliar concentration of P, dry biomass, leaf area, and height were evaluated. A moderate mycorrhizal dependency was obtained under a P concentration of 0.002 and 0.02 mg L-1 and inoculation with R. fasciculatum, R. aggregatum, and R. irregulare while inoculation with G. fistulosum and E. colombiana produced a marginal dependency. It was found a negative effect on G. arborea inoculated with all AMF strains under 0.2 mg L-1 of P. Mycorrhizal colonization presented values between 62.5 - 2.5% for all the AMF evaluated, influenced by AFM strains and P concentration. Plants inoculated with R. fasciculatum, R. aggregatum, and R. irregulare showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in their growth. Mycorrhizal dependency and colonization in G. arborea and its growth were highly influenced by species of AMF and amount of P.
Gmelina arborea es una especie forestal de uso creciente en el establecimiento de plantaciones comerciales en Colombia. Las zonas donde es actualmente plantada son deficientes en nutrientes, por lo que el uso de Hongos Micorrízicos Arbusculares (HMA) puede ser una alternativa para mejorar la fertilización fosfórica. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la dependencia y colonización micorrizal, el crecimiento de G. arborea inoculada con Rhizoglomus fasciculatum, Rhizoglomus aggregatum, Rhizoglomus irregulare, Glomus fistulosum y Entrophospora colombiana, bajo diferentes concentraciones de fósforo (P) en la solución de suelo. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar, con un arreglo factorial 6×3, cinco cepas de HMA + un control (sin inocular) y tres dosis de P (0,002, 0,02 y 0,2 mg L-1), con cinco replicas por tratamiento y dos a través del tiempo. La colonización y dependencia micorrizal, la concentración foliar de P, la biomasa seca, el área foliar y la altura fueron evaluadas. Una dependencia micorrizal moderada se obtuvo bajo una concentración de P de 0,002 y 0,02 mg L-1 y la inoculación con R. fasciculatum, R. aggregatum y R. irregulare mientras que la inoculación con G. fistulosum y E. colombiana produjo una dependencia marginal. Se encontró un efecto negativo en G. arborea inoculada con los HMA bajo una concentración de 0,2 mg L-1 de P. La colonización micorrizal presentó valores entre 62,5 - 2,5% para todos los HMA evaluados, influenciados por las cepas de HMA y el nivel de P. Las plantas inoculadas con R. fasciculatum, R. aggregatum y R. irregulare, mostraron un aumento significativo (P<0.05) en su crecimiento. La dependencia y la colonización micorrizal en G. arborea y su crecimiento estuvo altamente influenciado por las especies de HMA y la cantidad de P.
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