Published
Pruning and fertilization effects on Jatropha yields under smallholder’s conditions in a Tropical Dry Forest from Ecuador
Efectos de poda y fertilización en los rendimientos de Jatropha bajo condiciones de pequeños agricultores en un Bosque Seco Tropical de Ecuador
Keywords:
Biodiesel, Jatropha curcas, Marginal land, Seed productions (en)Biodiesel, Jatropha curcas, Tierras marginales, Producción de semillas (es)
Jatropha seed is a biomass suitable for bioenergy production that can be produced by smallholders, even on marginal lands. However, the current oilseed production is too low to meet the needs of the planned renewable electricity system in the Galapagos Islands. Pruning and fertilization are management options that can be used to increase the dry seed yields. The effects of both treatments were tested in a split-plot design with jatropha trees, which were monitored during a three-year production period. The average seed production was 643±58 kg ha-1 year-1 in the unpruned trees and 696±50 kg ha-1 year-1 in the pruned trees. Although this difference is small, it is expected to increase over time. The pruned trees developed more slowly than the unpruned trees but showed higher (and still increasing) yields at the end of the three-year test period, while the unpruned trees appeared to have reached their maximum production by the second year of the trial. The low fertilizer doses approved by the smallholders did not have a significant impact on the dry seed yield, and the management options that show benefits in the long term are generally not accepted or adopted by them. Cost-effective nutrient enhancement should be investigated, such as inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
La semilla de jatropha es una biomasa adecuada para la producción de bioenergía que pueden producir los pequeños agricultores, incluso en tierras marginales. Sin embargo, actualmente la producción es demasiado baja para satisfacer las necesidades del sistema de electricidad renovable planificado en las Islas Galápagos. La poda y la fertilización son opciones de manejo que pueden utilizarse para aumentar los rendimientos de semillas secas. Se probaron los efectos de ambos tratamientos en un diseño de parcelas divididas con árboles de jatropha, que se monitorearon durante un período de producción de tres años. La producción promedio de semillas fue de 643±58 kg ha-1 año-1 en los árboles sin podar y 696±50 kg ha-1 año-1 en los árboles podados. Aunque esta diferencia es pequeña, se espera que aumente con el tiempo. Los árboles podados se desarrollaron más lentamente que los árboles sin podar, pero mostraron rendimientos más altos (con potencial de seguir aumentado) al final del periodo de prueba de tres años, mientras que los árboles sin podar parecían haber alcanzado su producción máxima para el segundo año de la prueba. Las bajas dosis de fertilizante probadas por los pequeños agricultores no tuvieron un impacto significativo en el rendimiento de la semilla seca y las opciones de manejo forestal que suponen beneficios a largo plazo generalmente no son aceptadas o adoptadas por ellos. Se deben investigar otras fuentes
rentables de mejora de nutrientes, como la inoculación de los árboles con hongos micorrízicos arbusculares.
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