Influence of burning and weed control on the soil fertility and vegetation cover of Brazilian Amazon pastures

Published

2021-01-01

Influencia de la quema y el control de malezas sobre la fertilizad del suelo y la cobertura de vegetal de los pastizales de la Amazonía brasileña

Keywords:

Bare soil, Fire, Forest, soil erosion, Urochloa brizantha (en)
Suelo desnudo, Fuego, Bosque, erosión del suelo, Urochloa brizantha (es)

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Authors

Fabrício Marinho Lisbôa Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rondônia, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3776-5168

Abstract (en)
Abstract (es)

In pastures it is common to use fire to control weeds, justified by the increase in soil fertility that ashes can generate. However, the benefits of this process is short-lived, and also increase the soil exposure. The permanence of weeds can contribute to the vegetation cover in areas of deficient pastures. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of prescribed burning and mowing on vegetation cover of Urochloa brizantha (U. brizantha) pastures and soil surface fertility in pastures located in the Brazilian Amazon. The study was conducted in Itupiranga, Pará state, Brazilian Amazon. Five pastures of U. brizantha cv. Marandu and a forest area were evaluated. The soil was a Ferralsol. Vegetation cover was estimated using a quadrat. Four composite soil samples were taken in each area, collected from 0–0.05 m depth. The percentage of vegetal cover of U. brizantha, weeds and bare soil was measured and fertility in soil samples (pH, Al³⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺, P, and H+Al) were determined. Three groups were identified in the evaluated pasture plots. Group I had the highest average percentage of bare soil (33.5%) and was associated with H+Al and P values. Group II had the highest average of U. brizantha cover (90%) and was associated with Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺and K+. Group III had the highest average of weed cover (53.4%) and was associated with Al³⁺. The higher percentage of U. brizantha in Group II was favored by the burning later. This group presented better levels of K⁺, Mg²⁺and sum of bases. The management adopting the least use of fire on the pastures, with longer time for the regeneration of forage, combined with the mechanical control of weeds, can be the best alternative for maintaining the soil cover and bringing benefits for quality surface layer of the soil.

En los pastos es común utilizar el fuego para controlar las malas hierbas justificado por el incremento de fertilidad en el suelo que pueden generar las cenizas. Sin embargo, los beneficios de este proceso son de corta duración, además de aumentar la exposición del suelo. La permanencia de las malezas puede contribuir a la cobertura vegetal en áreas de pastos deficientes. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la quema prescripta y corte de malezas en la cobertura vegetal de los pastos de U. brizantha y en la fertilidad de la superficie del suelo en pastos ubicados en la Amazonía brasileña. El estudio se realizó en Itupiranga, estado de Pará, Amazonía brasileña. Cinco pasturas de U. brizantha cv. Marandu y un área de bosque fueron evaluados. El suelo era un “Latosol Rojo-Amarillo” (Ferralsols). La cobertura vegetal se estimó utilizando un cuadrante. Se tomaron cuatro muestras de suelo compuestas en cada área, recolectadas de 0–0,05 m de profundidad. Se determinó el porcentaje de cobertura vegetal de U. brizantha, malezas y suelo expuesto y la fertilidad en muestras de suelo (pH, Al³⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺, P y H+Al). Se identificaron tres grupos entre las parcelas de pastos evaluadas. El grupo I tuvo el porcentaje promedio más alto de suelo expuesto (33,5%) y se asoció con los valores de H+Al y P. El grupo II tuvo el promedio más alto de cobertura de U. brizantha (90%) y se asoció con Ca²⁺+ Mg²⁺y K⁺. El grupo III tuvo el promedio más alto de cobertura de hierbas (53,4%) y se asoció con Al³⁺. El mayor porcentaje de U. brizantha en el grupo II se vio favorecido por la quema posterior. Este grupo presentó mejores niveles de K⁺, Mg²⁺y suma de bases. El manejo adoptando el menor uso del fuego en los pastos, con un mayor tiempo de regeneración de forrajes, combinado con el control mecánico de malezas, puede ser la mejor alternativa para mantener la cobertura del suelo, trayendo beneficios a la calidad química de la capa superficial del suelo.

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