Published

2021-01-01

Yield and quality of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain in relation to nitrogen fertilization

Rendimiento y calidad del grano de trigo de invierno (Triticum aestivum L.) con respecto a la fertilización nitrogenada

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v74n1.88835

Keywords:

grain yield and quality, nitrogen nutrition, Nitrogen, Productivity , Ukraine , Winter wheat (en)
rendimiento y calidad del grano, nutrición con nitrógeno, Nitrógeno , Productividad, Ucrania , Trigo de invierno (es)

Authors

  • Yaroslav Tsvey Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet; National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (NAAS); str. Klinichna 25; 03141; Kiev; Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1982-0530
  • Roman Ivanina Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet; National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (NAAS); str. Klinichna 25; 03141; Kiev; Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-4646
  • Vadym Ivanina Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet; National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (NAAS); str. Klinichna 25; 03141; Kiev; Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-114X
  • Svitlana Senchuk Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet, National Academy of Agrarian Science of Ukraine (NAAS)

Winter wheat is commonly cultivated in Ukraine. This crop has nutritional requirements that have been affected due to the climate changes that in the recent years the country has been suffered. In the spring season, the plant is found in growing stage, which requires a suitable nitrogen nutrition and it must be supplied due to the deficit of this element during the vegetative development. Within this framework, this study aimed to establish the optimal nitrogen rate for winter wheat that was applied in different configurations on leached black soil, and to determine the effectiveness of nitrogen application to the frozen soil surface in early spring as a basis for these fertilizations. The experiment was conducted at the Bila Tserkva ResearchSelection Station (Ukraine) during 2017–2019. The soil of this place corresponds to a leached loamy black soil (Mollisol) with content of organic matter between 3.6-3.8%, mobile phosphorus (P2O5) 156-166 mg kg-1, potassium (K2O) 64-77 mg kg-1, and pHKCl 5.8–6.3. A randomized experimental design with four nitrogen rates (0, 60, 80, 110 kg ha-1) with four replications as factorial arrangement was used. The results indicated that winter wheat yield was significantly affected by all nitrogen fertilizer rates (P<0.05). The highest average grain yield was obtained with 110 kg ha-1 nitrogen rate that combined application nitrogen to the frozen soil surface and the foliar feeding with 6.90 t ha-1. In years of regular precipitation during the growing season (2018-2019), nitrogen fertilizers had a more pronounced effect on winter wheat yield than in a year of precipitation deficiency (2017). A significant increase in grain protein content was obtained in variants where foliar feeding of winter wheat with urea solution was a part of fertilization strategy; it was attributed to nitrogen rates of 80 and 110 kg ha-1. The increase in protein content of the grain was less dependent on the weather conditions and was stable through the years of experiment.

El trigo de invierno se cultiva comúnmente en Ucrania. Este cultivo tiene requerimientos nutricionales que se han visto afectados por los cambios climáticos que en los últimos años ha sufrido el país. En la temporada de primavera, la planta se encuentra en etapa de crecimiento, la cual requiere una adecuada nutrición nitrogenada y debe ser suplida por el déficit de este elemento durante su desarrollo vegetativo. En este marco, este estudio tuvo como objetivo establecer la tasa óptima de nitrógeno para el trigo de invierno que se aplicó en diferentes configuraciones en suelo negro lixiviado, y determinar la efectividad de la aplicación de nitrógeno a la superficie del suelo congelado a principios de la primavera como base para estas fertilizaciones. El experimento se llevó a cabo en la estación de investigación y selección de Bila Tserkva (Ucrania) durante 2017-2019. El suelo de este lugar corresponde a un suelo negro arcilloso lixiviado (Mollisol) rico en materia orgánica 3.6-3.8%, fósforo móvil (P2O5) 156-166 mg kg-1, potasio (K2O) 64-77 mg kg-1 y pH KCl 5,8–6,3. Se utilizó un diseño experimental aleatorio con un arreglo factorial, es decir, cuatro dosis de nitrógeno (0, 60, 80, 110 kg ha-1) con cuatro replicas. Los resultados indicaron que el rendimiento del trigo de invierno se vio afectado significativamente por todas las dosis de fertilizantes nitrogenados (P <0,05). El mayor rendimiento promedio de grano se obtuvo con una tasa de nitrógeno de 110 kg ha-1 que combinó la aplicación de nitrógeno a la superficie del suelo congelado y foliar de 6,90 t ha-1. En años de precipitación regular durante la temporada de crecimiento (2018-2019), los fertilizantes nitrogenados tuvieron un efecto más pronunciado en el rendimiento del trigo de invierno que en un año de deficiencia de precipitaciones (2017). Se obtuvo un aumento significativo en el contenido de proteína del grano en variantes donde la alimentación foliar de trigo de invierno con soluciones de urea fue arte de la estrategia de fertilización; se atribuyó a tasas de nitrógeno de 80 y 110 kg ha-1. El aumento en el contenido de proteína del grano dependió menos de las condiciones climáticas y se mantuvo estable a lo largo de los años de experimentación.

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Yield and quality of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain in relation to nitrogen fertilization. (2021). Revista Facultad Nacional De Agronomía Medellín, 74(1), 9413-9422. https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v74n1.88835