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Effect of removal of the upper stem of the ear (topping) and nitrogen application on maize for dual-purpose production of fodder and seed
Efecto de la eliminación del tallo superior de la mazorca (poda) y aplicación de nitrógeno en el maíz para la producción de forraje y semilla de doble propósito
Keywords:
Dual-purpose cropping, Fertilizer, Seed germination, Seed weight (en)Cultivo de doble propósito, Fertilizantes, Germinación de semillas, Peso de semillas (es)
Maize is a plant cultivated as fodder or seed. The seeds of this plant are used for poultry and the fresh fodder or silage is required for animal husbandry. In the research, the dual-purpose cropping possibility of maize for fodder and seed harvesting under nitrogen application was assessed. A field experiment and a laboratory experiment were conducted in 2014. The field experiment was performed as a split-plot design. Studied factors were the topping factor (topping (stem removal at the top of the ear) or no topping) and nitrogen fertilizer factor (nitrogen application of 0, 75, and 150 kg ha-1). In the laboratory experiment, germination traits of produced seeds from the maternal plant under topping and nitrogen were studied. Results showed that no topping had the highest ear weight. Topping and nitrogen did not affect seed number per maize ear row. Topping had a lower 100-seed weight and seed yield than no topping. Nitrogen did not affect seed yield and 100-seed weight. Topping and nitrogen application did not affect germination percentage, radical length, caulicle length, and vigor of produced seed at the seed milking stage. Nitrogen application at this stage could not compensate for the damage caused by the topping. Maize topping at the seed dough stage may be evaluated in future studies.
El maíz es una planta cultivada como forraje o semilla. Las semillas de esta planta se utilizan para la avicultura y su forraje fresco o ensilaje se requiere para la cría de animales. En la investigación se evaluó la posibilidad de cultivo de doble propósito del maíz para forraje y cosecha de semillas bajo aplicación de nitrógeno. Para lograr el propósito, en 2014 se llevaron a cabo un experimento de campo y uno de laboratorio. El experimento de campo se llevó a cabo como un diseño de parcela dividida. Los factores estudiados fueron el factor poda (con poda (eliminación del tallo en la parte superior de la mazorca) o sin poda) y el factor fertilizante nitrogenado (aplicación de nitrógeno de 0, 75 y 150 kg ha-1). En el experimento de laboratorio, se estudiaron los rasgos de germinación de semillas producidas de la planta materna bajo poda y nitrógeno. Los resultados mostraron que ninguna poda tuvo el mayor peso de mazorca. La poda y el nitrógeno no afectaron el número de semillas por hilera de mazorca de maíz. La poda tuvo un peso de 100 semillas y un rendimiento de semillas más bajos que el maíz sin poda. El nitrógeno no afectó el rendimiento de semillas ni el peso de 100 semillas. La poda y la aplicación de nitrógeno tampoco no afectaron el porcentaje de germinación, la longitud de las raíces, la longitud de la caulícula y el vigor de la semilla producida en la etapa de ordeño de la semilla. La aplicación de nitrógeno en esta etapa no pudo compensar el daño causado por la poda. Se sugiere que la eliminación del tallo superior de la mazorca del maíz en la etapa de masa de semilla se evalúe en estudios futuros.
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