Propagation of “Valencia” orange (Citrus x sinensis Osbeck) by minigraft
Propagación de naranja “Valencia” (Citrus x sinensis Osbeck) por mini injertos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v75n3.99339Keywords:
Citrus, nursery, callus, union, rootstock, scion (en)Cítricos, viveros, callo, union, patrón, yema (es)
Demand for citrus (Citrus spp) plants for commercial orchards has increased worldwide due to the need for new plantations, renewal of disease-effected crops, and strict regulation for plant production. To evaluate faster and low-cost propagation alternatives for citrus, “Valencia” orange plants were propagated by using two minigrafting techniques (Cleft and inverted T-budding). Rootstocks were raised from “Cleopatra” mandarin seeds, and scions and buds were isolated from 1-year-old grafted plants. For cleft minigrafts, scions were inserted at 5-7 cm height inside of the decapitated rootstocks and covered with Eppendorf® tubes. For T-budding, buds were inserted at 5-7 cm height under the rootstock cortex cut. Unions were fixed with Parafilm®. Grafted plants were maintained under a shade house (50%) with two daily fog irrigation (2 min each). Treatments were distributed with a completely randomized design. Six weeks after grafting, the percentage of success, the shoot length, and the number of leaves per treatment were registered and analyzed with a T test (α=0.05). Cleft minigraft resulted in a higher success percentage and plants with larger shoots. Cleft minigraft could be considered an alternative for citrus propagation in small and medium size nurseries.
La demanda de plantas cítricas (Citrus spp) para cultivos ha incrementado mundialmente debido a las necesidades de nuevas siembras, reemplazo de árboles enfermos en cultivos establecidos, y las estrictas regulaciones para la propagación de plantas. Con el fin de evaluar alternativas de propagación más rápidas y de bajo costo para cítricos, plantas de naranja “Valencia” fueron propagadas usando dos métodos de mini injertación (Hendidura y T-invertida). Los patrones fueron obtenidos de mandarina “cleopatra” y las yemas fueron aisladas de plantas injertadas de 1 año de edad. Para los injertos de hendidura, las yemas fueron insertadas a 5-7 cm de altura en los patrones o portainjertos decapitados y se cubrieron con tubos Eppendorf®. Para los injertos en T-invertida, las yemas se insertaron a 5-7 cm de altura debajo de la corteza del patrón. Las uniones se fijaron con Parafilm. Los injertos se mantuvieron en una casa malla (59%) con dos riegos diarios (2 min cada uno). Los tratamientos se distribuyeron con un diseño completamente aleatorizado. Seis semanas después de la injertación, el porcentaje de éxito, la longitud de tallos y el número de hojas por tratamiento fueron registrados y analizados con la prueba de T Student (α=0.05). El mini injerto de hendidura resultó en un mayor porcentaje de éxito y tallos más largos. El mini injerto de hendidura puede considerase como una alternativa para la propagación de cítricos en pequeños y medianos viveros.
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