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Factores clave y tendencias en los sistemas acuapónicos: revisión de literatura.
Key factors and trends in aquaponic systems: literature review.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfmvz.v70n3.107673Keywords:
Acuaponía, Nitrificación, Viabilidad Económica, Sistemas acuícolas integrados (es)aquaponics, nitrification process, integrated aquaculture systems, economic viability (en)
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La acuaponía es un sistema de producción que integra la acuicultura y la hidroponía, se destaca por su capacidad de producir alimentos de forma sostenible, promoviendo el reciclaje de nutrientes, el uso eficiente del agua y generando alimentos de alta calidad e inocuidad. Por ese motivo, el objetivo de este artículo de revisión fue compilar los conceptos más relevantes y avances alcanzados en la aplicación de esta técnica productiva mediante la exploración y sistematización de investigaciones publicadas en bases de datos de revistas indexadas durante la década 2012-2022. Los resultados obtenidos se organizaron en cuatro grandes categorías: 1. La acuaponía desde una perspectiva biológica; 2. viabilidad y rentabilidad del sistema acuapónico; 3. desarrollos ingenieriles, nuevas tendencias y tecnologías en acuaponía; y 4. aspectos ambientales y sociales de la acuaponía. La información científica y tecnológica compilada permitirá conocer el potencial, la viabilidad y adaptabilidad de los sistemas acuapónicos en un contexto de cambios ambientales, sociales y económicos. En ese sentido, la bibliometría, realizada con 55 publicaciones seleccionadas, permite identificar que el año de mayor producción científica en sistemas acuapónicos fue 2020, con 23% de la producción total en la década analizada, y que el 63% de las investigaciones se publicó en los últimos cinco años (2018 a 2022). Finalmente, por área temática, se encontró que el 44% de las investigaciones realizadas corresponden a la categoría “desarrollos ingenieriles, nuevas tendencias y tecnologías”, seguido por la “perspectiva biológica” y “aspectos ambientales y sociales” con 28% y 20% respectivamente.
Aquaponics, a production system that integrates aquaculture and hydroponics, stands out for its ability to produce food sustainably, promoting the recycling of nutrients, the efficient use of water and generating high quality and safe foods. For this reason, the objective of this review article was to compile the most relevant concepts and advances achieved in the application of this productive technique, through exploration and systematization of research published in indexed journal databases during the decade between 2012 to 2022. Results obtained were organized into four large categories: 1. Aquaponics from a biological perspective; 2. viability and profitability of aquaponic systems; 3. engineering developments, new trends and technologies in aquaponics; and 4. environmental and social aspects of aquaponics. The information presented below will allow us to know the potential feasibility and adaptability of aquaponic systems in the context of environmental, social, and economic changes. In this sense, bibliometrics, carried out in 55 selected publications, allows us to identify the year 2020 as the highest scientific production in aquaponic systems with 23% of total production in the decade studied and that 63% of research was published in the last 5 years (2018 to 2022). Finally, by thematic area, it was found that 44% of the research carried out corresponds to the “engineering developments, new trends and technologies” category, followed by “biological perspective” and “environmental and social aspects” (28% and 20%, respectively). The area with the lowest quantity of publications corresponded to “viability and profitability” (8% of the total references).
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1. Juan J. Espada Sanjurjo, Mª Prado Díaz de Mera-Sánchez, Rosalía Rodríguez Escudero. (2026). Design and Environmental Analysis of an Aquaponics System Coupled with Photovoltaic Unit for Food Production and Reuse of Nutrients from Wastewater: A Life Cycle Assessment Study. Applied Sciences, 16(2), p.635. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16020635.
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Copyright (c) 2023 A. A. Cifuentes, A. K. Leguizamón, J. A. Zambrano , M. A. Landines
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