Aortic stenosis and mitral valve dysplasia in a miniature Bull Terrier
Estenosis aórtica y displasia de la válvula mitral en un Bull Terrier miniatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfmvz.v71n2.109980Keywords:
congenital defect, cardiomyopathy, canine, Bull Terrier (en)defecto congénito, cardiomiopatía, canino, Bull Terrier (es)
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The clinical case of a one-year-old miniature Bull Terrier is presented. The patient was brought to the cardiology service of the Small Animal Clinic at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia due to historical syncopal episodes during exercise or moments of excitement, as well as at rest. Additionally, these syncopal episodes have increased in frequency to the point of daily occurrence. Echocardiography reveals thickening of the interventricular septum and the free wall of both ventricles. Additionally, irregular enlargement is evidenced in the mass of the papillary muscles of the left ventricle, which are distributed concentrically to the ventricular cavity, as well as a thickened mitral valve, which neither closes nor opens correctly causing mitral insufficiency and regurgitant flow to the left atrium. Similarly, narrowing of the left ventricular outflow tract and increased echogenicity in the aortic valve are observed, which, similarly to the mitral valve, is unable to open properly. The findings suggest congenital mitral valve dysplasia leading to stenosis, accompanied by aortic stenosis. Due to the absence of surgical intervention options, therapy aims to control existing clinical signs and halt the progression of cardiac enlargement using beta-blockers.
Se presenta el caso clínico de un Bull Terrier miniatura de un año. El paciente es llevado al servicio de cardiología de la Clínica para Pequeños Animales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia debido a que presenta síncopes históricos durante el ejercicio o momentos de excitación, así como en reposo. Adicionalmente, estos síncopes han aumentado su frecuencia al punto de tener un episodio diario. La ecocardiografía revela engrosamiento del septo interventricular y de la pared libre de ambos ventrículos. Se evidencia adicionalmente un agrandamiento de forma irregular en la masa de los músculos papilares del ventrículo izquierdo, los cuales se distribuyen de manera concéntrica a la cavidad ventricular, así como una válvula mitral engrosada que no cierra ni abre correctamente, lo cual ocasiona insuficiencia mitral y un flujo regurgitante al atrio izquierdo. De igual manera, se observa un estrechamiento en el tracto de salida del ventrículo izquierdo y un aumento de la ecogenicidad en la válvula aórtica que, de manera similar a la válvula mitral, no es capaz de abrirse adecuadamente. Los hallazgos sugieren displasia congénita de la válvula mitral que ocasiona una estenosis de esta, acompañada de estenosis aórtica. Debido a la ausencia de posibilidades de intervenciones quirúrgicas, la terapia se dirige a controlar los signos clínicos existentes y frenar la progresión del agrandamiento cardíaco mediante el uso de beta bloqueadores.
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