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Propiedades antimicrobianas, antiinflamatorias y aplicaciones clínicas de Plantago major como alternativa a la clorhexidina en la periodontitis canina
Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties and clinical applications of Plantago major as an alternative to chlorhexidine in canine periodontitis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rfmvz.v73n1.123135Keywords:
clorhexidina, fitoterapia, periodontitis canina, Plantago major (es)chlorhexidine, phytotherapy, canine periodontitis, Plantago major (en)
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La periodontitis canina es una enfermedad frecuente en la práctica veterinaria, con impacto en la salud oral y sistémica. La clorhexidina (CHX) es el antiséptico estándar en protocolos periodontales; sin embargo, su uso en perros está limitado por efectos adversos y escasa evidencia clínica. Plantago major (P. major) presenta propiedades antimicrobianas, antiinflamatorias y cicatrizantes. El objetivo de esta revisión fue evaluar la evidencia científica sobre el potencial de Plantago major frente a la CHX en el manejo de la periodontitis canina. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en PubMed y Scopus (2020-2025) siguiendo las directrices PRISMA, que incluyó estudios in vitro, in vivo y ensayos clínicos. Los extractos de Plantago major mostraron inhibición significativa de patógenos periodontales como Porphyromonas gingivales, Fusobacterium nucleatum, y Streptococcus mutans, además de reducir mediadores inflamatorios (IL-6, TNF-α, PGE2, IL-1β), promocionar cicatrización en diversos modelos animales y mostrar un potencial en nanoformulaciones con actividad antimicrobiana. Sin embargo, la mayoría de estos estudios fueron in vitro o en especies distintas al perro, lo que limita su aplicabilidad clínica. En contraste, la investigación clínica en caninos respecto a la CHX es escasa y metodológicamente restringida, lo que impide valorar con precisión su eficacia específica. Plantago major representa una alternativa terapéutica prometedora en la salud periodontal veterinaria, pero se requieren ensayos clínicos controlados en caninos que comparen su seguridad y eficacia frente a la CHX.
Canine periodontitis is a highly prevalent condition in veterinary practice, with significant consequences for both oral and systemic health. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is the standard antiseptic used in periodontal protocols; however, its application in dogs is limited by adverse effects and by the lack of robust clinical evidence. Plantago major (P. major) exhibits antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. The aim of this review was to evaluate the scientific evidence regarding the potential of P. major compared with CHX in the management of canine periodontitis. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus (2020–2025) following PRISMA guidelines and included in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Plantago major extracts demonstrated significant inhibition of periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivales, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus mutans, in addition to reducing inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-α, PGE2, IL-1β), promoting wound healing in multiple animal models, and showing antimicrobial potential in nanoformulations. However, most of these studies were performed in vitro or in species other than dogs, which limits their direct clinical applicability. In contrast, clinical research in canines regarding CHX remains scarce and methodologically constrained, preventing a precise assessment of its efficacy. Plantago major represents a promising therapeutic alternative for veterinary periodontal health; nevertheless, well-designed, controlled clinical trials in dogs are required to directly compare its safety and efficacy with those of CHX.
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