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Definición, prevalencia y factores de riesgos de insomnio en la población general.
Prevalence insomnia risk factors in the general population
Palabras clave:
trastornos de la iniciación y mantención del sueño, estrés, factores de confusión (epidemiología), estudios transversales. (es)sleep initiation and maintenance disorders, stress, con founding factors (epidemiology), cross-sectional studies. (en)
Objetivo. Evaluar la definición de insomnio y determinar su prevalencia en la población general y establecer la fuerza de asociación de varios factores de riesgos conocidos.
Material y métodos. Estudio trasversal de 1.505 adultos seleccionados al azar en Bucaramanga, Colombia. La encuesta incluyó aspectos sobre percepción y síntomas de insomnio, factores sociodemográficos, de estilo de vida y de la condición de salud. Para ajustar la potencial confusión, se generaron modelos de regresión logística polinomial.
Resultados. El 11.4 por ciento (IC95% 9.7-13.1) de las personas encuestadas dicen tener problemas de sueño; el 63.6 por ciento (IC95% 61.0-66.3) referían al menos un síntoma de insomnio pero sin consecuencias al otro día y el 26.2 por ciento (IC95% 23.7-28.7) manifestaron tener al menos un síntoma de insomnio y consecuencias del insomnio durante el día siguiente. Los factores de riesgo asociados al insomnio con consecuencias diurnas son la edad (OR 2.079), referir estar sufriendo actualmente maltrato físico (OR 17.704) y tener dificultades en varios aspectos de la vida tales como dificultades laborales, económicas, de pareja o familiares, entre otras (OR 4.437), mientras que es un factor protector tener educación secundaria o universitaria (OR 0.649 y 0.511, respectivamente). No se halló asociación con historia de enfermedades serias, género, nivel socioeconómico o consumo de alcohol o café.
Conclusión. La mejor definición de insomnio es la combinación de síntomas de insomnio y consecuencias durante el día. La prevalencia de insomnio es alta y se asocia con algunos de los factores previamente descritos en la literatura, pero no con otros, lo que pone de manifiesto la necesidad de que al realizar estudios se incluyan todas las variables de confusión potenciales y se utilicen técnicas avanzadas de análisis.
Objective. To evaluate insomnia definition and determine the prevalence in the general population and to establish the force of association of several known risk factors.
Materials and methods. Cross-sectional study of 1.505 random selected adult households of Bucaramanga , Colombia . The survey included aspects about sleep perception and insomnia symptoms, socio-demographic factors, lifestyle and health condition. To adjust the potential confusion, models of polynomial logistic regression were generated.
Results. 11.4 percent (IC95% 9.7-13.1) of adults report sleep problems; 63.6 percent (IC95% 61.0-66.3) report at least an insomnia symptom without consequences on the following day, and 26.2 percent (IC95% 23.7-28.7) reported to have at least an insomnia symptom with next day consequences. The risk factors associated to insomnia with daytime symptoms are age (OR 2.079), to suffer current physical abuse (OR 17.704) and to have difficulties in several aspects of life (labor, economic, couple, or family, among others; OR 4.437), while it is a protective factor to have secondary or university education (OR 0.649 and 0.511, respectively). Insomnia was not associated with history of serious illnesses, gender, socio-economic status or alcohol or coffee consumption.
Conclusion. The best insomnia definition is the combination of insomnia symptoms and its consequences during the day. The insomnia prevalence is high, being associated with some factors previously described in the literature, but not with others, indicating the necessity that when carrying out studies all the potential variables of confusion should be included and advanced techniques of analysis used.
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Derechos de autor 2008 Revista de la Facultad de Medicina
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