Sistema endocanabinoide: modificando los factores de riesgo cardiovascular

Publicado

2006-10-01

Sistema endocanabinoide: modificando los factores de riesgo cardiovascular

Endocannabinoid system: modifying cardiovascular risk factors

Palabras clave:

endocanabinoides, tabaquismo, obesidad, factores de riesgo, receptores canabinoides, leptina, rimonabant. (es)
endocannabinoid, smoking, obesity, risk factor, receptors cannabinoid, leptin, rimonabant (en)

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Autores/as

John Edwin Feliciano Alfonso MD. Médico con entrenamiento en Lípidos y Diabetes, División de Lípidos y Diabetes, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá.
Carlos Olimpo Mendivil Anaya MD. Médico con entrenamiento en Lípidos y Diabetes, Especialista en Estadística, División de Lípidos y Diabetes, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá.
Iván Dario Sierra Ariza MD, PhD. Especialista en Nutrición y Diabetes, Profesor Titular y Maestro Universitario. Coordinador División de Lípidos y Diabetes, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá.

Resumen (es)
Resumen (en)

La necesidad de alcanzar un tratamiento óptimo para el tabaquismo, la obesidad y sus comorbilidades, conocidos factores de riesgo cardiovascular, ha fomentado la búsqueda de objetivos terapéuticos novedosos. Es el caso del sistema endocanabinoide, involucrado en diversos fenómenos fisiológicos entre los que se encuentran el refuerzo de ciertos comportamientos y la regulación del apetito.

La sobreactivación de este sistema altera la homeostasis corporal predisponiendo a dependencias o a un aumento en la ingesta alimentaria, lo que puede traducirse en tabaquismo u obesidad. La intervención farmacológica sobre el sistema endocanabinoide puede contribuir al manejo de estos factores de riesgo cardiovascular, teniendo en cuenta que a tales beneficios se suman otros independientes de la suspensión del tabaquismo o la reducción de peso, como el aumento del colesterol de alta densidad, la disminución de triglicéridos y la mejoría del control glucémico en pacientes con diabetes.

Ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados adelantados en poblaciones con diferentes características, han evaluado la utilidad de la regulación farmacológica del sistema endocanabinoide; confirmando su eficacia en personas con factores de riesgo cardiovascular establecidos.

The need for an optimal treatment for smoking, obesity and their comorbidities, well-known cardiovascular risk factors; has prompted the search for novel therapeutic targets. This is the case of the endocannabinoid system, involved in several physiological phenomena including the reinforcement of certain behaviors and the regulation of appetite.

Overactivation of the endocannabinoid system alters body homeostasis, predisposing to addictions or to an increase in food intake; which may in turn result in the development of tobacco addiction and obesity. Pharmacological intervention on the endocannabinoid system may contribute to the management of these cardiovascular risk factors,

bearing in mind that there are other, additional benefits like reduction of plasma levels of triglycerides, elevation of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and improvements in glycemic control in diabetic patients.

Randomised controlled clinical trials performed in populations of different characteristics have evaluated the utility of pharmacological regulation of the endocannabinoid system; confirming its efficacy in people with established cardiovascular risk factors.

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