Impacto de un modelo de gestión de enfermedad en una población con tratamiento de diálisis en Colombia
Impact of a disease management model on a population undergoing dialysis in Colombia
Palabras clave:
Manejo de la enfermedad, Diálisis, Tasa de mortalidad, Hospitalización (es)Disease Management, Dialysis, Hospitalization, Mortality rate (en)
Introducción. La implementación de modelos de gestión de enfermedad (MGE) ha demostrado mejores desenlaces en salud.
Objetivo. Describir la tasa de hospitalización y mortalidad en una cohorte de pacientes con tratamiento de diálisis en la que se implementó un MGE.
Materiales y métodos. Estudio de cohorte prospectivo en el que se incluyeron pacientes prevalentes en diálisis, mayores de 18 años, pertenecientes a la entidad promotora de salud del régimen contributivo Nueva EPS y con al menos tres meses de intervención con MGE en la red Renal Therapy Services (RTS) entre el 1 de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 2014. Para el análisis se usaron modelos multivariables de supervivencia y estadística descriptiva.
Resultados. Se evaluaron 2 525 pacientes; la mediana de edad fue 64.5 años (RIC=19), el 56.9% (n=1 437) estaban en hemodiálisis, el 59.5% (n=1 503) fueron hombres y se encontró una tasa de hospitalización de 1.15 eventos por paciente/año (IC95%: 1.10- 1.19) con 9.6 días hospitalarios paciente/año. La tasa de mortalidad fue de 146 muertes por 1 000 pacientes/año (IC95%: 130.3-163.6).
Conclusión. A pesar de la alta comorbilidad observada en esta población en diálisis intervenida con un MGE, se encontraron desenlaces clínicos favorables.
Introduction: The implementation of disease management models (DMM) has shown better health outcomes.
Objective: To describe hospitalization and mortality rates in a cohort of patients on dialysis in which a DMM was implemented.
Materials and methods: Prospective cohort study in which prevalent dialysis patients, older than 18 years of age, belonging to the health promoter of the contributory scheme (Nueva EPS), and with at least three months of intervention with DMM, were included in the Renal Therapy Services Network (RTS) between January 1 and December 31, 2014.To conduct the multivariate analysis, survival models and descriptive statistics were used.
Results: 2 525 patients were evaluated; median age was 64.5 years (IR=19); 56.9% (n=1 437) were on hemodialysis; 59.5% (n=1,503) were male, and a hospitalization rate of 1.15 events per patient/year was found (95% CI: 1.10-1.19) with 9.6 hospital patient days/year. The mortality rate was 146 deaths per 1 000 patients/year (95% CI: 130.3-163.6).
Conclusion: Despite the high comorbidity observed in the population undergoing dialysis managed with DMM, favorable clinical outcomes were found.
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