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Efficiency of the multiple shoot removal technique for enhancing seed multiplication in selected commercial cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties in Tanzania
Eficiencia de la técnica de eliminación de brotes múltiples para mejorar la multiplicación de semillas en variedades comerciales seleccionadas de yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) en Tanzania
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v73n3.117017Palabras clave:
Cassava shootlet, high-quality planting material, micro-propagation, root induction (en)brote de yuca, inducción de raíces, material de siembra de alta calidad, micropropagación (es)
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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major staple crop across Africa, Asia, and South America, where it supports the livelihoods of millions of people. However, the availability of improved planting material is constrained due to low seed propagation rates, compelling farmers to rely on local cultivars that often exhibit low yield potential and high susceptibility to diseases. Developing reliable seed multiplication techniques is therefore essential to increase the availability of improved varieties and boost cassava production. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Multiple Shoot Removal Technique (MSRT) for the multiplication of improved cassava varieties in Tanzania. Six varieties were assessed using a completely randomized design. Growth parameters, including shoot formation, root induction, acclimatization, and field establishment, were recorded and analyzed using R statistical software. MSRT significantly increased the cassava multiplication ratio by up to five-fold compared to conventional methods. The TARRICASS4 variety showed a substantially higher multiplication rate (1:80) than the other varieties. Plantlet production efficiency was positively influenced by the shoot number and regeneration rate following ratooning, root number, and length during induction, and the survival rate of shootlets across the multiplication stages. These findings support the use of MSRT as a viable approach to enhance the availability of high-quality cassava planting materials and improve cassava production. Further research is recommended to optimize the application of plant growth regulators for improving shoot regeneration and ratoon growth performance.
La yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) es un cultivo alimentario de gran importancia en África, Asia y Sudamérica, que representa el sustento de millones de personas. Sin embargo, la disponibilidad de material de siembra mejorado se ve afectada por una baja tasa de propagación de semillas, lo que obliga a los agricultores a depender de variedades locales con bajo potencial de rendimiento y alta susceptibilidad a enfermedades. Es crucial desarrollar tecnologías confiables de multiplicación de semillas para aumentar la disponibilidad de variedades mejoradas e impulsar la producción de yuca. Este estudio evaluó la eficacia de la técnica de remoción de brotes múltiples (MSRT) en la multiplicación de variedades mejoradas de yuca en Tanzania. Se evaluaron seis variedades en un experimento con diseño completamente aleatorizado. Se recopilaron datos sobre los parámetros de crecimiento de la formación de brotes, la inducción de raíces, la aclimatación y el establecimiento en campo, y se analizaron posteriormente con el programa estadístico R. La MSRT quintuplicó la tasa de multiplicación de la yuca en comparación con los métodos convencionales. La variedad TARRICASS4 presentó una tasa de multiplicación sustancialmente mayor (1:80) que las otras variedades. La eficiencia productiva de las plántulas se vio influenciada positivamente por el número y la tasa de regeneración de brotes tras la soca, el número y la longitud de las raíces formadas durante la inducción, y la tasa de supervivencia de los brotes a lo largo de las etapas de multiplicación. Estos hallazgos respaldan el uso de la MSRT como un método viable para mejorar la disponibilidad de materiales de siembra de alta calidad y aumentar la producción de yuca. Se recomienda realizar nuevas investigaciones para aumentar el impacto de los reguladores de crecimiento vegetal en la mejora de la regeneración y la tasa de crecimiento de los brotes tras la soca.
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