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Mitigación del déficit hídrico por aplicación de calcio en papa amarilla diploide (Solanum tuberosum L. grupo Phureja)
Water deficit mitigation by calcium application in yellow diploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L. group Phureja)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v72n1.93478Palabras clave:
contenido relativo de agua, estabilidad de la membrana, potencial hídrico foliar, rendimiento en tubérculo, tuberización (es)relative water content, membrane stability, leaf water potential, tuber yield, tuberization (en)
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La variabilidad climática favorece la ocurrencia de sequías que disminuyen el rendimiento en cultivos de papa, por lo cual es necesario desarrollar estrategias para mitigar los efectos del déficit hídrico. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de calcio (Ca) en parámetros fisiológicos y rendimiento de Solanum tuberosum L. grupo Phureja cultivar criolla Colombia bajo déficit hídrico. Tubérculos-semilla fueron sembrados en bolsas y mantenidos a capacidad de campo hasta el inicio de tuberización. Entre los 44 y 54 días después de siembra (dds), se realizaron aplicaciones edáficas (E) de: CaCl2 de 3 y 4.5 g planta-1; Ca(NO3)2 de 4.5 y 7.0 g planta-1 y Ca(NO3)2 + B de 6.0 y 9.0 g planta-1. También se realizó aplicación foliar de: CaCl2 de 10 y 20 mM planta-1; y Ca(NO3)2 de 10 y 20 mM planta-1. A los 55 dds las plantas fueron sometidas a riego continuo (BR) y déficit hídrico por suspensión de riego durante 7 días (DH). El DH redujo el contenido relativo de agua en un 22.1 %, el potencial hídrico foliar y el rendimiento en un 26.7 %, y aumentó la pérdida de electrolitos (97.3 %). Las plantas con CaCl2–20-F, CaCl2–4.5-E y Ca(NO3)2–7-E, presentaron menor pérdida de electrolitos (<21.2 %), mayor contenido relativo de agua (>12.6 %) y rendimiento (>15.6 %), respecto a las plantas sin Ca. Esto indica una mitigación del estrés hídrico a nivel de la estabilidad de la membrana y el estado hídrico en aplicaciones edáficas y foliares de Ca, lo cual probablemente se relacione con sus funciones como molécula señalizadora.
Climate variability causes an increase in drought occurrence, which reduces tuber yield in potato. Therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies for mitigating the water deficit. The objective of this research was to assess the effect of calcium (Ca) applications on physiological parameters and yield of Solanum tuberosum L. group Phureja cultivar Criolla Colombia under water deficit. Seed tubers were planted in bags with soil irrigated at field capacity until tuber initiation. Between 44 and 54 days after sowing (das), Ca was applied in edaphic sources (E): 3 and 4.5 g plant-1 CaCl2, 4.5 and 7 g plant-1 Ca(NO3)2, 6 and 9 g plant-1 Ca(NO3)2 + B, and foliar (F): 10 and 20 mM plant-1 CaCl2, and 10 and 20 mM plant-1 Ca(NO3)2. At 55 das, the plants were subjected to two water regimes: well-watered (WW) and water deficit (WD) by irrigation suspension for 7 days. WD reduced the relative water content (22.1 %), leaf water potential and tuber yield (26.7%), while the electrolyte leakage increased (97.3 %). Plants with CaCl2–20-F, CaCl2–4.5-E and Ca(NO3)2–7-E presented lower leakage increase (<21.2 %), and higher relative water content (>12.6 %) and tuber yield (>15.6 %), compared to plants without Ca. This indicates a water mitigation deficit at the level of membrane stability and a water status with edaphic and foliar Ca applications, which is probably related to its functions as signaling molecule.
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