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Removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from municipal landfill leachate with floating Typha domingensis (Typhaceae)
Eliminación del nitrógeno amoniacal del lixiviado de vertedero municipal con Typha domingensis (Typhaceae) en flotación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v25n1.74749Palabras clave:
Cattail, macrophyte, nitrification, phytoremediation (en)Enea, fitorremediación, macrófita, nitrificación (es)
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A promising method for the treatment of effluents is the use of floating macrophytes. Ammoniacal nitrogen is a typical compound present in urban landfill leachates and its removal is important due its toxicity to several organisms. Therefore, the study evaluated Typha domingensis survival and nitrification potential artificially floating in domestic solid waste leachate. Plants were exposed for 35 days to leachate (100, 75 and 50 %) and to rainwater with N:P:K (control). Dissolved oxygen (DO) of the treatments was periodically measured, and ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite and nitrate were analyzed before and after exposure. At the end of the experiment, plant survival rate was calculated. After two weeks, DO increased twice in the control, three times in 50 % leachate, four times in 75 % leachate, and eight times in 100 % leachate. At the end of the experiment, ammoniacal nitrogen was no longer detected, there was a significant reduction of nitrite, and a significant increase of nitrate in the treatments containing leachate. Plant survival was higher in those individuals exposed to 100 % leachate and decreased at lower leachate concentrations: 98 %, 94 %, 92 %, and 86 %. The study demonstrated that the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration of the leachate was not toxic to T. domingensis, and that it was efficient in the removal of this compound from the effluent, indicating that the species may be used artificially floating for the removal of this contaminant from domestic solid waste landfill leachate when in low concentrations.
Un método prometedor para el tratamiento de efluentes es el uso de macrófitas flotantes. El nitrógeno amoniacal es un componente típico de lixiviados de vertederos urbanos y su remoción es importante debido a su toxicidad para diversos organismos. Por eso, el estudio evaluó la supervivencia y el potencial de nitrificación de Typha domingensis flotando artificialmente en lixiviados de residuos sólidos domésticos. Las plantas fueron expuestas por 35 días a lixiviado (100, 75 y 50 %) y al agua de lluvia con N:P:K (control). El oxígeno disuelto (OD) fue medido periódicamente; el nitrógeno amoniacal, el nitrito y el nitrato fueron analizados antes y después de la exposición; al final del experimento, la tasa de supervivencia de las plantas fue calculada. Después de dos semanas, el OD aumentó dos veces en el control, tres veces en el lixiviado 50 %, cuatro veces en el lixiviado 75 % y ocho veces en el lixiviado 100 %. Al final del experimento, el nitrógeno amoniacal no fue más detectado, hubo una reducción significativa de nitrito y un aumento significativo de el nitrato en los tratamientos que contenían lixiviado. La supervivencia de las plantas fue mayor en aquellos individuos expuestos al lixiviado 100 % y se redujo en las menores concentraciones: 98 %, 94 %, 92 % y 86 %. El estudio demostró que la concentración de nitrógeno ammoniacal del lixiviado no fue tóxica para T. domingensis y que ésta fue eficiente en la remoción del compuesto del efluente, indicando que la especie puede ser utilizada flotando artificialmente para la remoción del contaminante de lixiviados de residuos sólidos domésticos en bajas concentraciones.
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4. Abdolmotaleb Seid-mohammadi, Fatemeh Nouri, Fateme Asadi. (2020). Factors affecting aerobic granule sludge formation in leachate treatment – a systematic review. Reviews on Environmental Health, 35(4), p.481. https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2020-0019.
5. Jan Vymazal, Yaqian Zhao, Ülo Mander. (2021). Recent research challenges in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: A review. Ecological Engineering, 169, p.106318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106318.
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