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Trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo: conocimientos y comportamientos de autocuidado en mujeres embarazadas
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Knowledge and self-care behaviors in pregnant women
Transtorno hipertensivo da gravidez: conhecimentos e comportamentos de autocuidado em mulheres grávidas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/av.enferm.v42n3.116897Keywords:
Autocuidado, Comportamientos Relacionados con la Salud, Conocimiento, Embarazo, Hipertensión Inducida en el Embarazo (es)Self-Care, Health Behavior, Knowledge, Pregnancy, Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced (en)
Autocuidado, Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde, Conhecimento, Gestantes, Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez (pt)
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Objetivo: determinar los conocimientos, los determinantes del comportamiento y la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado ante los trastornos hipertensivos en mujeres embarazadas.
Materiales y método: estudio analítico transversal, realizado en el segundo semestre de 2023, con una muestra de 101 mujeres embarazadas. Se aplicaron los cuestionarios “Conocimientos y comportamientos de autocuidado ante los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo - CoNOCiTHE”, “Determinantes del comportamiento de autocuidado ante los THE” y “Valoración de Agencia de Autocuidado - ASA”. Para el análisis de datos, se utilizó estadística descriptiva y se compararon las medianas de los grupos establecidos mediante la prueba U de Mann-Whitney para muestras independientes.
Resultados: la mediana de las puntuaciones obtenidas en la escala CoNOCiTHE fue ((X̅) ̃= 69; RIQ = 8), en los Determinantes del comportamiento ((X̅) ̃ = 150; RIQ = 13) y en ASA ((X̅) ̃= 84; RIQ = 8,5). Se encontró una diferencia significativa en las puntuaciones totales de CoNOCiTHE según la ocupación (p = 0,001) y la edad gestacional (p = 0,015). En los Determinantes del comportamiento de autocuidado, se encontraron asociaciones con la escolaridad (p = 0,008) y el estrato socioeconómico (p = 0,05). En la escala ASA, no se hallaron asociaciones significativas.
Conclusiones: las mujeres embarazadas de este estudio presentan un nivel alto de conocimientos y comportamientos de autocuidado, determinantes del comportamiento y capacidad de agencia de autocuidado frente a los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo. Se observó que aquellas con ocupación laboral y edad gestacional superior a 20 semanas obtuvieron puntajes más altos en conocimientos y comportamientos. Asimismo, las participantes con mayor nivel educativo y pertenecientes a estratos socioeconómicos medios presentaron puntajes superiores en los determinantes del comportamiento de autocuidado.
Objective: To determine the knowledge, behavioral determinants, and self-care agency capacity in the face of hypertensive disorders in pregnant women.
Materials and method: Cross-sectional analytical study, conducted during the second half of 2023, with a sample of 101 pregnant women. The questionnaires Knowledge and Self-Care Behaviors Regarding Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (CoNOCiTHE), Determinants of Self-Care Behavior, and Self-Care Agency Assessment (ASA ) were
administered. Descriptive statistics were used, and group medians were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test.
Results: The median scores obtained were ((X̅) ̃= 69; IQR = 8) in the CoNOCiTHE scale, ((X̅) ̃ = 150; IQR = 13) for the Determinants of behavior, and ((X̅) ̃= 84; IQR = 8.5) for the ASA scale. A significant difference was observed in CoNOCiTHE total scores based on occupation (p = 0.001) and gestational age (p = 0.015). In the Determinants of Self-Care
Behavior, significant associations were found with educational level (p = 0.008) and socioeconomic status (p = 0.05). No significant associations were found in the ASA scale.
Conclusion: Pregnant women in this study demonstrated a high level of knowledge and self-care behaviors, as well as strong behavioral determinants and self-care agency capacity in the face of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Women who were employed and had a gestational age of more than 20 weeks showed higher scores in knowledge and behaviors. Likewise, those with higher educational attainment and from middle socioeconomic strata exhibited higher scores in the determinants of self-care behavior.
Objetivo: determinar os conhecimentos, determinantes do comportamento e agência do autocuidado quanto aos transtornos hipertensivos em mulheres grávidas.
Materiais e método: estudo analítico transversal, realizado no segundo semestre de 2023, com uma amostra de 101 mulheres grávidas. Foram aplicados os seguintes questionários: Conhecimento e comportamentos de autocuidado quanto aos distúrbios hipertensivos da gravidez (CoNOCiTHE), Determinantes do comportamento
de autocuidado e Avaliação da Agência de Autocuidado (ASA). Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e as médias dos grupos estabelecidos foram comparadas de forma independente pelo teste U de Mann-Whitney.
Resultados: a mediana dos escores obtidos na escala CoNOCiTHE foi ((X̅) ̃ = 69; IQR = 8), nos determinantes do comportamento ((X̅) ̃ = 150; IQR = 13) e na ASA ((X̅) ̃= 84; IQR = 8,5). Houve diferença entre os escores totais do CoNOCiTHE e a ocupação (p = 0,001) e idade gestacional (p = 0,015). Nos determinantes do comportamento de autocuidado, verificaram-se associações com escolaridade (p = 0,008) e estrato socioeconômico (p = 0,05). Não foram encontradas associações significativas na escala ASA.
Conclusão: As gestantes deste estudo apresentam alto nível de conhecimento e comportamentos de autocuidado, determinantes do comportamento e capacidade de agência de autocuidado quanto aos transtornos hipertensivos da gestação. O perfil sociodemográfico das mulheres com ocupação laboral e idade gestacional superior a 20 semanas apresentou maiores escores em conhecimentos e comportamentos de autocuidado. Da mesma forma, formação acadêmica superior e faixas socioeconômicas
intermediárias apresentaram escores mais elevados nos determinantes do comportamento de autocuidado.
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